Changes of bile acids and resting energy expenditure after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in type 2 diabetes patients: a prospective study

Table 2 Comparison of variables before and after for each group, and between groups at 6 months after surgery

Variable	Cholecystectomy (n = 40)	P^#	Control (n = 37)	P^&	P
BMI (kg/m²)	24.4 ± 3.3	0.881	25.2 ± 3.1	0.819	0.309
Food intake (kcal)	1862.7 ± 358.2	0.497	1988.7 ± 476.5	0.789	0.192
TBA (µmol/L)	4.3 ± 3.0	0.029*	3.1 ± 1.9	0.654	0.033*
REE (kcal)	1430.0 ± 257.5	0.011*	1291.3 ± 298.6	0.263	0.032*
FAT (%)	39.8 ± 21.1	< 0.001 **	49.9 ± 19.5	0.194	0.032*
CHO (%)	60.5 ± 20.9	< 0.001 **	50.6 ± 19.4	0.201	0.036*
FPG (mmol/L)	4.9 ± 1.0	0.004**	5.3 ± 0.7	0.138	0.047*
A1C (%, mmol/mol)	5.2 ± 0.7 (32.8 ± 7.6)	< 0.001 **	5.6 ± 0.6 (37.3 ± 6.9)	0.064	0.008 **
Insulin (µIU/mL)	8.0 ± 4.3	< 0.001 **	9.8 ± 5.7	0.064	0.130
C-Peptide (ng/mL)	1.5 ± 0.6	0.962	1.5 ± 0.5	0.571	0.715
HOMA-IR	2.0 ± 1.3	0.045*	2.6 ± 1.5	0.177	0.043*
HOMA-β	99.8 ± 77.1	0.059	126.5 ± 74.4	0.827	0.126
TC (mmol/L)	4.3 ± 0.9	0.003**	4.7 ± 0.9	0.864	0.040*
TG (mmol/L)	1.4 ± 0.8	0.924	1.6 ± 0.9	0.681	0.475
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.8 ± 0.3	< 0.001 **	1.2 ± 0.3	0.026	< 0.001 **
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.6 ± 0.9	0.028*	2.8 ± 0.8	0.229	0.221

Data are shown as the mean ± SD.* indicates P < 0.05; ** indicates P < 0.01, P^# compared before and after for cholecystectomy group; P^& compared before and after for control group; P compared between the two postoperative groups
BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, A1C hemoglobin A1c, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TBA total bile acid, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, HOMA-β homeostasis model assessment-beta-cell function, OHA oral hypoglycemic agents, REE resting energy expenditure, CHO carbohydrate

ISSN: 1758-5996