Table 4 Prevalence (%) and means of clinical characteristics in patients with normal/mild and moderate/severe symptoms
Variable | Score of symptoms | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
Normal/mild | Moderate/severe | ||
Age (years) | 56.4 | 58.5 | 0.009 |
Sex (female/male) | 56/63 | 44/37 | 0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 | 29.9 | 0.004 |
Ethnicity | 0.024 | ||
White | 58 | 49.8 | |
Black | 16.9 | 19.2 | |
Mixed | 18.4 | 22.4 | |
Asian | 6.7 | 8.5 | |
Type of diabetes (1/2) | 10.3/89.7 | 7.9/92.1 | 0.12 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 13.9 | 14.4 | 0.3 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.66 | 8.46 | 0.26 |
Smoking (yes) | 25.2 | 25.4 | 0.94 |
Hypertension (yes) | 80.1 | 84.1 | 0.063 |
Cardiopathy (yes) | 26.4 | 30.9 | |
Dyslipidemia (yes) | 71.1 | 75 | 0.15 |
Nephropathy (ClCr < 60 ml/min) | 22.4 | 21.5 | 0.48 |
Retinopathy (yes) | 42.3 | 49.1 | 0.024 |
Visual impairment (yes) | 46.1 | 54.1 | 0.006 |
Foot at risk classification | <0.001 | ||
Foot without risk | 53.8 | 27.1 | |
Neuropathic | 19.4 | 41.4 | |
Ischemic | 11.2 | 5.8 | |
Neuroischemic | 15.5 | 25.7 | |
Previous ulceration (yes) | 22.3 | 24.2 | 0.44 |
Previous amputation (yes) | 12.6 | 13.3 | 0.7 |
Treatment of neuropathy (yes) | 11.4 | 17.9 | 0.003 |
Region | <0.001 | ||
South/Southeast | 64.2 | 52.1 | |
Northeast/Midwest | 35.8 | 47.9 | |