Fig. 2
From: Endocrine disrupting chemicals: gestational diabetes and beyond
Exposure to EDCs like BPA, dioxins, phthalates and parabens alter certain microRNAs in maternal serum. BPA and phthalates alter placental microRNAs and induce epigenetic modifications such as histone methylation, histone acetylation, and DNA methylation, thereby having a transgenerational impact. There is a paucity of such epigenetic studies for EDCs like PFAS and heavy metals. [EDC = Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical; BPA = Bisphenol A; PFAS = Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances]