Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to quartiles of RC
Remnant cholesterol | Q1 (0.01–0.19) n = 1899 | Q2 (0.20–0.36) n = 1927 | Q3 (0.37–0.65) n = 1953 | Q4 (0.66–8.68) n = 1906 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 49.68 ± 15.39 | 50.21 ± 15.96 | 51.06 ± 15.34 | 51.53 ± 13.79 | < 0.001 |
Male sex | 836 (44.02%) | 866 (44.94%) | 935 (47.88%) | 1038 (54.46%) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.45 ± 3.14 | 22.85 ± 3.32 | 23.71 ± 3.51 | 24.95 ± 3.49 | < 0.001 |
Residence | 0.002 | ||||
Urban | 604 (31.81%) | 593 (30.77%) | 671 (34.36%) | 676 (35.47%) | |
Rural | 1295 (68.19%) | 1334 (69.23%) | 1282 (65.64%) | 1230 (64.53%) | |
Upper middle school and above | 400 (21.06%) | 452 (23.46%) | 482 (24.68%) | 496 (26.02%) | < 0.001 |
Farmer | 1038 (54.66%) | 973 (50.49%) | 928 (47.52%) | 866 (45.44%) | < 0.001 |
Smoking | 538 (28.33%) | 566 (29.37%) | 619 (31.69%) | 690 (36.20%) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | 263 (13.85%) | 208 (10.79%) | 235 (12.03%) | 300 (15.74%) | < 0.001 |
TC, mmol/L | 4.67 ± 0.93 | 4.72 ± 0.96 | 4.85 ± 0.99 | 5.19 ± 1.05 | < 0.001 |
TG, mmol/L | 0.88 ± 0.39 | 1.15 ± 0.56 | 1.61 ± 0.73 | 3.42 ± 2.09 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.97 ± 0.87 | 2.98 ± 0.91 | 3.01 ± 0.93 | 2.76 ± 1.00 | < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.59 ± 0.35 | 1.47 ± 0.34 | 1.35 ± 0.31 | 1.15 ± 0.29 | < 0.001 |
RC, mmol/L | 0.11 (0.06–0.16) | 0.27 (0.23–0.32) | 0.48 (0.42–0.56) | 1.01 (0.80–1.43) | < 0.001 |
WBCs, 109/L | 5.98 (1.78) | 6.22 (1.94) | 6.46 (1.96) | 6.74 (2.20) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 138.77 ± 20.36 | 139.56 ± 19.73 | 141.81 ± 20.60 | 145.90 ± 20.00 | < 0.001 |
Hs-CRP, mg/L | 1.00 (0.00–2.00) | 1.00 (0.00–2.00) | 1.00 (1.00–3.00) | 2.00 (1.00–3.00) | < 0.001 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 80.80 ± 16.51 | 79.44 ± 17.34 | 78.09 ± 17.24 | 78.24 ± 16.63 | < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 2.76 ± 5.34 | 3.19 ± 6.63 | 3.90 ± 6.51 | 5.69 ± 10.15 | < 0.001 |
SF, ng/mL | 62.42 (29.48–109.88) | 72.26 (37.89–130.10) | 89.58 (46.54–162.41) | 119.61 (64.79–225.20) | < 0.001 |
TRF, mg/dL | 277.00 (249.00–313.00) | 277.00 (246.00–313.00) | 280.00 (248.00–315.00) | 293.00 (261.00–328.00) | < 0.001 |
sTfR, mg/L | 1.34 (1.12–1.66) | 1.33 (1.08–1.65) | 1.34 (1.07–1.69) | 1.32 (1.05–1.63) | 0.003 |
TBI, mg/kg | 32.77 (29.88–35.02) | 33.37 (30.75–35.66) | 34.04 (31.57–36.45) | 35.18 (32.69–37.77) | < 0.001 |
Average energy intake, kcal/day | 2069.99 (1656.31–2519.77) | 2051.42 (1659.43–2499.52) | 2091.31 (1688.34–2502.86) | 2090.93 (1700.67–2485.68) | 0.353 |
Average carbohydrate intake, g/day | 284.80 (223.85–360.26) | 281.48 (222.52–353.66) | 282.23 (224.64–348.81) | 279.61 (222.01–343.51) | 0.036 |
Average fat intake, g/day | 67.47 (48.24–92.00) | 67.93 (48.04–92.98) | 71.56 (50.83–95.10) | 70.76 (50.31–95.10) | 0.004 |
Average protein intake, g/day | 61.94 (49.55–76.98) | 61.27 (49.01–77.44) | 63.47 (50.47–78.39) | 63.87 (51.01–79.77) | < 0.001 |
Anemia | 116 (6.11%) | 112 (5.81%) | 108 (5.53%) | 69 (3.62%) | < 0.001 |
DM | 101 (5.32%) | 150 (7.78%) | 220 (11.26%) | 402 (21.09%) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 165 (8.69%) | 206 (10.69%) | 294 (15.05%) | 362 (18.99%) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular disease | 41 (2.16%) | 31 (1.61%) | 57 (2.92%) | 57 (2.99%) | 0.015 |
Antidiabetic drug use | 13 (0.68%) | 8 (0.42%) | 18 (0.92%) | 20 (1.05%) | 0.064 |