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Fig. 1 | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Fig. 1

From: Large-scale causal analysis of gut microbiota and six common complications of diabetes: a mendelian randomization study

Fig. 1

Assumptions that must be met by MR analysis: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gut microbiota (GM) were initially regarded as instrumental variables (IVs). All the IVs can only associate with GM (the solid line and ‘A’ and ‘B’ are permitted), and the selected IVs should not associate with confounding factors or outcomes directly (the dashed line and arrows ‘C’ and ‘D’ are not allowed)

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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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