Increased susceptibility to new-onset atrial fibrillation in diabetic women with poor sleep behaviour traits: findings from the prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank

Table 2 Association between sleep behaviour traits and risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus

Sleep behaviour traits	N	Case	Person-years	Incidence rate^†	Crude Model 1		Multivariate Model 1		Multivariate Model 2		Multivariate Model 3
Sleep behaviour traits	N	Case	Person-years	Incidence rate^†	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value
Sleep duration
Short hours	1717	182	23,651.7	7.70	1.20 (1.03–1.40)	0.018	1.33 (1.14–1.55)	< 0.001	1.28 (1.10–1.50)	0.002	1.25 (1.07–1.47)	0.004
Proper hours	19,554	1739	270,985.8	6.42	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Long hours	2514	300	34,399.9	8.72	1.36 (1.21–1.54)	< 0.001	1.21 (1.07–1.37)	0.002	1.16 (1.03–1.32)	0.017	1.15 (1.02–1.30)	0.027
Early chronotype	13,007	1171	179,930.2	6.51	0.92 (0.85–1.00)	0.054	0.88 (0.81–0.95)	0.002	0.89 (0.82–0.97)	0.006	0.89 (0.82–0.97)	0.007
Never/rarely insomnia	5456	452	75,702	5.97	0.85 (0.77–0.95)	0.003	0.82 (0.74–0.91)	< 0.001	0.85 (0.77–0.95)	0.003	0.86 (0.78–0.96)	0.027
Never/rarely Snoring	11,704	1087	161,905.3	6.71	0.99 (0.91–1.07)	0.797		–		–		–
Never/rarely daytime sleepiness	22,441	2067	310,620.8	6.65	0.79 (0.67–0.93)	0.004	0.77 (0.66–0.91)	0.002	0.88 (0.81–0.96)	0.005	0.82 (0.69–0.97)	0.021

^†Incidence rate = Number of incident cases/person-years × 1000
Multivariate Model 1adjusted age and sex
Multivariate Model 2 additionally adjusted age, sex, race, body mass index, Townsend deprivation index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure, hypertension, antihypertensives, current smoker and drinker
Multivariate Model 3 additionally adjusted other sleep behavior traits including chronotype, insomnia, snoring, daytime sleepiness

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