Table 2 Prediction of plasma glucose concentrations > 90th percentile in a 2 h 75 g OGTT at 12 to 16 weeks’ gestation in 1394 Finnish women using risk factors (previous gestational diabetes, family history of type 2 diabetes, and history of polycystic ovary syndrome) and the best area under the curve (AUC) cut-offs for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) measured at 8–14 weeks’ gestation

Early-pregnancy HbA_1C, mmol/mol

≥ 35

0.65 (0.62 to 0.69)

0.55 (0.49 to 0.60)

0.67 (0.64 to 0.70)

1.65 (1.45 to 1.88)

2.43 (1.88 to 3.14)

Previous gestational diabetes

Yes

0.60 (0.58 to 0.62)

0.24 (0.19 to 0.29)

0.96 (0.95 to 0.97)

5.93 (4.17 to 8.42)

7.49 (5.03 to 11.14)

Family history of type 2 diabetes

Yes

0.53 (0.50 to 0.57)

0.48 (0.43 to 0.54)

0.59 (0.56 to 0.62)

1.17 (1.02 to 1.34)

1.32 (1.03 to 1.71)

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Yes

0.51 (0.49 to 0.52)

0.07 (0.05 to 0.11)

0.95 (0.93 to 0.96)

1.34 (0.83 to 2.15)

1.36 (0.82 to 2.26)

Maternal age, years

≥ 30

0.62 (0.58 to 0.65)

0.66 (0.60 to 0.71)

0.52 (0.49 to 0.55)

1.37 (1.24 to 1.52)

2.09 (1.61 to 2.72)

Pre-gestational BMI, kg/m²

≥ 26.4

0.68 (0.65 to 0.72)

0.56 (0.51 to 0.62)

0.73 (0.70 to 0.75)

2.07 (1.81 to 2.38)

3.47 (2.67 to 4.50)

Waist circumference, cm

≥ 89

0.71 (0.67 to 0.74)

0.57 (0.51 to 0.62)

0.76 (0.73 to 0.79)

2.37 (2.05 to 2.74)

4.16 (3.18 to 5.44)

Waist-to-height ratio

≥ 0.54

0.71 (0.68 to 0.75)

0.56 (0.50 to 0.61)

0.78 (0.75 to 0.80)

2.51 (2.16 to 2.93)

4.42 (3.37 to 5.79)