Table 3 Intakes of nutrients consumed by the subjects that were divided according to median DII. The table lists the dietary intakes of the nutrients consumed by the subjects with DII below the median (DII < median, N = 331) versus the subjects with DII over median (DII > median, N = 332)

Energy intake (Kcal/day)

1711.96 (1469.94-2045.29)

1882.61 (1587.64-2168.17)

1592.03 (1344-1848.5)

< 0.001

Energy from macronutrients:

Energy from lipids (%En/day)

35.11 ± 5.61

34.73 ± 5.53

35.49 ± 5.68

0.083

Energy from saturated fat (%En/day)

11.56 ± 2.50

11.08 ± 2.36

12.05 ± 2.55

< 0.001

Energy from monounsaturated fat (%En/day)

16.25 (14.3-18.25)

16.25 (14.31–18.33)

16.26 (14.22–17.93)

0.647

Energy from polyunsaturated fat (%En/day)

4.04 (3.47–4.77)

4.12 (3.55–4.9)

3.88 (3.39–4.6)

0.002

Energy from omega-3 polyunsaturated fat (%En/day)

0.6 (0.5–0.73)

0.64 (0.53–0.77)

0.57 (0.49–0.69)

< 0.001

Energy from omega-6 polyunsaturated fat (%En/day)

3.32 (2.81-4)

3.42 (2.88–4.12)

3.24 (2.73–3.88)

0.013

Energy from proteins (%En/day)

16.04 (14.67–17.62)

16.04 (14.65–17.59)

16.04 (14.73–17.66)

0.553

Energy from carbohydrates (%En/day)

50 ± 6.27

50 ± 6.27

49.48 ± 6.36

0.284

Energy from soluble carbohydrates (%En/day)

16.66 (14.07–19.52)

17.21 (14.76–20.08)

15.84 (13.29–18.96)

< 0.001

Daily intake of micronutrients:

Calcium (mg/day)

638.21 (503.51-782.09)

713.53 (568.12-847.42)

569.42 (474.34-705.86)

< 0.001

Iron (mg/day)

9.74 (7.93–11.58)

11.09 (9.57–12.67)

8.11 (7.07–10.08)

< 0.001

Sodium (mg/day)

1772.92 (1411.09-2275.05)

1927.06 (1519.7-2425.92)

1671.76 (1308.76-2075.68)

< 0.001

Potassium (mg/day)

2596.59 (2192.95-2990.21)

2931.34 (2653.53-3266.4)

2223.86 (1985.62-2503.77)

< 0.001

Phosphorus (mg/day)

1053.82 (889.49-1234.9)

1154.56 (988.41-1305.85)

959.42 (834.21-1112.65)

< 0.001

Zinc (mg/day)

8.96 (7.71–10.53)

9.82 (8.57–11.4)

8.22 (7.13–9.34)

< 0.001

Magnesium (mg/day)

156.2 (129.01-186.14)

172.57 (145.16-203.69)

139.48 (116.32-164.95)

< 0.001

Selenium (mg/day)

29.87 (22.1-40.26)

33.7 (25.51–44.18)

26.04 (19.84–35.19)

< 0.001

Vitamin B1 (mg/day)

0.89 (0.75–1.08)

1.01 (0.86–1.15)

0.79 (0.68–0.94)

< 0.001

Vitamin B2 (mg/day)

1.4 (1.17–1.64)

1.58 (1.38–1.78)

1.25 (1.08–1.43)

< 0.001

Vitamin C (mg/day)

108.49 (75.8-151.17)

139.24 (109.92-177.62)

80.62 (59.38-107.27)

< 0.001

Vitamin B3 (mg/day)

16.57 (14.19–19.75)

18.36 (15.6-20.99)

15.35 (12.94–17.82)

< 0.001

Vitamin B6 (mg/day)

1.62 (1.37–1.89)

1.83 (1.61–2.04)

1.43 (1.24–1.64)

< 0.001

Folates (µg/day)

256.19 (209.88-310.85)

302.4 (257.66-345.18)

219.93 ± 56.29

< 0.001

Pantothenic acid (mg/day)

2.48 (2.03–3.01)

2.79 (2.34–3.35)

2.23 (1.89–2.62)

< 0.001

Biotin (mg/day)

16.66 (13.54–20.43)

18.78 (15.05–22.51)

15.22 (12.51–17.86)

< 0.001

Vitamin B12 (µg/day)

4 (2.96-6)

4.39 (3.22–6.85)

3.63 (2.78–5.05)

< 0.001

Vitamin A (RE/day)

718.38 (547.99–941.6)

862.68 (721.98-1095.18)

575.93 (476.17-713.22)

< 0.001

Vitamin E (µg/day)

9.7 (8.07–11.77)

11.23 (9.44–13.07)

8.72 ± 2.38

< 0.001

Vitamin D (µg/day)

2.18 (1.38–4.23)

3.01 (1.58–4.83)

1.75 (1.16–3.13)

< 0.001

Vitamin K (µg/day)

6.78 (2.39–13.55)

8.46 (3.39–15.71)

5.61 (1.94–10.99)

< 0.001

B-carotene (µg/day)

2779.36 (2032.86-4026.24)

3646.14 (2822.11-4735.32)

2109.04 (1592.32-2659.43)

< 0.001

Alcohol (g/day)

5.9 (0.85–17.81)

9.19 (1.7–20.5)

4.16 (0.34–14.41)

< 0.001

Caffeine (g/day)

0.1 (0.06–0.15)

0.11 (0.06–0.16)

0.1 (0.06–0.15)

0.085