Table 1 Overview of the clinical characteristics and the CMR measures of the total cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes and the patients without any complications to diabetes both compared to the control subjects

n

25

211

Age

57 [50, 64]

59 [50, 67]

0.3

Sex, %

17 (68)

147 (70)

1.0

Diabetes duration, years

–

12.0 [6.0, 18.0]

HbA1c, mmol/mol

35 [33, 37]

60 [53, 70]

**

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

133 (16)

135 (14)

0.3

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

81 (10)

82 (9)

0.4

BMI; kg/m²

25 (3)

31 (5)

**

Hypertension, no (%)

4 (16)

140 (66)

**

Albuminuria, no (%)

0

Total 73 (35)

Mikro 62 (30)

Macro 11(5)

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

87 [80, 90]

90 [79, 90]

0.5

Autonomic neuropathy, no (%)

0

66 (32)

Retinopathy, no (%)

0

57 (27)

Periphery neuropathy, no (%)

0

80 (40)

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.95 [2.18, 3.70]

1.90 [1.40, 2.52]

**

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.55 [1.20, 1.90]

1.10 [1.00, 1.40]

**

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.50 [1.00, 1.80]

2.10 [1.50, 3.20]

**

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measures

 LVEDV, mL

166 ± 39

150 ± 32

0.02

 LVESV, mL

63 [54, 71]

54 [42, 66]

0.02

 LV mass, (g)

122 [105, 136]

133 [110, 157]

0.048

 LV mass/BSA, (g/m²)

61 ± 8

62 ± 12

0.3

 LV mass/LVEDV, g/mL

0.74 ± 0.12

0.91 ± 0.21

**

 MPR

5.1 ± 1.5

3.2 ± 1.2

**

 MBF rest, mL/min/g

0.63 ± 0.11

0.83 ± 0.19

**

 MBF stress, mL/min/g

3.11 ± 0.81

2.56 ± 0.92

0.004

 Myocardial ECV, %

27.4 ± 2.1

28.6 ± 3.1

**

 LV cardiac output, L/min

6.2 ± 1.3

6.9 ± 1.4

0.01

 LV ejection fraction, %

62 ± 4

64 ± 7

0.2

3D global peak strain

 Longitudinal, (%)

− 13.9 ± 2.0

− 11.6 ± 3.0

**

 Circumferential, (%)

− 21.6 ± 2.0

− 20.3 ± 3.1

0.041

 Radial, (%)

38.5 ± 6.2

34.1 ± 9.4

0.022