Table 1 Comparisons of baseline characteristics in all participants

Male/female (n)

6/4

13/8

12/8

16/11

0.998

Age (year)

45 ± 17

45 ± 13

59 ± 13^ab

58 ± 12^ab

0.001

duration (year)

NA

4 (2, 8)

8 (4, 11)

8 (4, 11)

0.071

Medicine (%)

Metformin

NA

12/21 (57%)

9/20 (45%)

14/27 (52%)

0.738

DPP-IV inhibitor

NA

6/21 (29%)

5/20 (25%)

7/27 (26%)

0.964

BW (kg)

61.15 ± 8.01

76.50 ± 12.67^a

72.33±16.07^a

68.63±14.58

0.012

WC (cm)

76±8

88±9^a

91±11^a

87±11^a

0.003

HC (cm)

90±5

97±6^a

98±10^a

94±8

0.003

HbA1c (%)

5.38±0.41

7.53±1.41^a

8.31±1.38^a

7.90±1.78^a

<0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.85±0.68

5.06 ±1.03

4.36±0.78

5.20±1.32

0.100

TG (mmol/L)

1.21 (0.65, 1.55)

1.54 (1.08, 2.31)

1.69 (1.20, 2.03)

1.34 (1.17, 2.45)

0.311

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.05±0.66

3.21±0.73

2.67±0.59^b

3.34±0.86^c

0.036

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.38±0.40

1.13±0.16

1.21±0.29

1.15±0.23

0.311

Scr (umol/L)

67±15

78±14

74±16

99±42^ac

0.035

UA (umol/L)

340±92

358±100

347±101

395±87

0.329

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

109±22

99±21

88±20

74±24^ab

<0.001

24-h proterinuria (mg/d)

76 (53, 101)

88 (77, 111)

183 (132, 226)^ab

970 (676, 2345)^abc

0.000

UACR (mg/g)

3 (1, 4)

6 (4, 12)

87 (42, 203)^ab

861 (459, 1966)^abc

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

116±13

128±14

135±17^a

138 ±17^a

0.002

DBP (mmHg)

66±8

79±12^a

79±11^a

78±9^a

0.010

ALD (pg/ml)

173 (128, 260)

168 (120, 220)

176 (128, 225)

163 (121, 223)

0.954

Ang II (pg/ml)

98 (81, 119)

98 (83, 111)

90 (86, 124)

109 (88, 125)

0.550

PRA (ng/ml/h)

2.75 (1.00, 5.82)

1.38 (0.51, 2.86)

0.86 (0.33, 2.59)

0.68 (0.21, 2.50)

0.122

8-OHdG (ng/mL)

12.15 (6.03, 17.56)

4.50 (2.31, 10.39)^a

8.00 (2.55, 9.38)

11.18 (6.40, 13.42)^b

0.005

AGEs (ug/mL)

433 (153, 882)

775 (376, 932)

777 (147, 1160)

755 (413, 933)

0.599