Current and past depression as risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes in men and women: evidence from a longitudinal community cohort

Table 3 Effect of sex on the association between depression and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 11,203)

	Depression		Effect of depression by sex
	No (PHQ-9 < 10)	Yes (PHQ-9 ≥ 10)	Effect of depression by sex
	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]
Women	1 (Reference)	2.02 [1.32, 3.09]	2.02 [1.32, 3.09]
Men	1.64 [1.33, 2.03]	3.54 [2.29, 5.49]	2.16 [1.41, 3.31]
Multiplicative scale (interaction term): 1.07 [0.59, 1.95], p = 0.832
Additive scale (RERI): 0.88 [− 0.78, 2.54], p = 0.149

Model adjusted for age, sex and socioeconomic status
PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire—Depression Module, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, RERI relative excess risk due to interaction

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