Fig. 3
Adapted from Rinella et al.
MASLD diagnostic criteria. In the presence of hepatic steatosis, the identification of any cardiometabolic risk factor can lead to a diagnosis of MASLD if there are no other causes of hepatic steatosis. If additional drivers of steatosis are identified, then this is consistent with a combination etiology. *At least 1 out of 5 cardiometabolic criteria: (1) body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 or waist circumference > 90 cm (M) and > 80 cm (F) or ethnicity adjusted equivalent; (2) prediabetes or type 2 diabetes; (3) blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or specific antihypertensive drug treatment; (4) plasma triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl or lipid lowering treatment; and (5) plasma HDL-cholesterol ≤ 40 mg/dl (M) and ≤ 50 mg/dl (F) or lipid lowering treatment. **In the absence of overt cardiometabolic criteria, other etiologies must be excluded, and if none is identified, this is termed cryptogenic SLD. ALD alcohol-associated/related liver disease, DILI drug-induced liver disease, MASLD metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MetALD metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated steatotic liver disease, SLD steatotic liver disease.[15]