Pre-pregnancy BMI | GWG trajectory groups | Crude OR | Adjusted OR1† | Adjusted OR2‡ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Macrosomia | ||||
Underweight or Normal weight | Non-excessive GWG | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Underweight or Normal weight | Excessive GWG | 2.53 (1.65–3.86) | 2.48 (1.62–3.80) | 2.20 (1.42–3.40) |
Underweight or Normal weight | Excessive early GWG | 1.47 (0.57–3.75) | 1.43 (0.56–3.67) | 1.36 (0.53–3.52) |
Overweight/Obese | Non-excessive GWG | 2.38 (1.67–3.38) | 2.40 (1.68–3.41) | 2.25 (1.56–3.23) |
Overweight/Obese | Excessive GWG | 4.68 (3.25–6.73) | 4.62 (3.21–6.65) | 3.89 (2.67–5.67) |
Overweight/Obese | Excessive early GWG | 4.86 (2.63–8.99) | 4.80 (2.59–8.89) | 4.37 (2.33–8.20) |
LGA | ||||
Underweight or Normal weight | Non-excessive GWG | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Underweight or Normal weight | Excessive GWG | 1.44 (1.07–1.93) | 1.42 (1.06–1.91) | 1.31 (0.96–1.77) |
Underweight or Normal weight | Excessive early GWG | 1.75 (1.02–2.99) | 1.74 (1.02–2.99) | 1.69 (0.98–2.91) |
Overweight/Obese | Non-excessive GWG | 1.75 (1.40–2.20) | 1.68 (1.33–2.11) | 1.61 (1.27–2.04) |
Overweight/Obese | Excessive GWG | 2.90 (2.22–3.77) | 2.86 (2.19–3.72) | 2.51 (1.91–3.29) |
Overweight/Obese | Excessive early GWG | 2.51 (1.53–4.12) | 2.44 (1.48–4.01) | 2.26 (1.36–3.74) |
Cesarean section | ||||
Underweight or Normal weight | Non-excessive GWG | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Underweight or Normal weight | Excessive GWG | 1.50 (1.16–1.95) | 1.73 (1.31–2.29) | 1.97 (1.47–2.63) |
Underweight or Normal weight | Excessive early GWG | 1.15 (0.69–1.94) | 1.36 (0.78–2.36) | 1.38 (0.79–2.43) |
Overweight/Obese | Non-excessive GWG | 1.90 (1.55–2.33) | 1.65 (1.33–2.05) | 1.56 (1.25–1.95) |
Overweight/Obese | Excessive GWG | 1.91 (1.49–2.46) | 2.13 (1.62–2.80) | 2.20 (1.66–2.91) |
Overweight/Obese | Excessive early GWG | 2.28 (1.42–3.67) | 2.44 (1.47–4.05) | 2.20 (1.30–3.72) |
BMI-for-age at 40 months > + 2SD | ||||
Underweight or Normal weight | Non-excessive GWG | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Underweight or Normal weight | Excessive GWG | 1.45 (0.84–2.50) | 1.43 (0.83–2.47) | 1.38 (0.80–2.40) |
Underweight or Normal weight | Excessive early GWG | 1.04 (0.32–3.44) | 1.01 (0.31–3.33) | 0.96 (0.29–3.19) |
Overweight/Obese | Non-excessive GWG | 1.19 (0.76–1.87) | 1.28 (0.81–2.02) | 1.18 (0.74–1.89) |
Overweight/Obese | Excessive GWG | 2.74 (1.76–4.26) | 2.77 (1.78–4.31) | 2.64 (1.69–4.13) |
Overweight/Obese | Excessive early GWG | 1.71 (0.66–4.42) | 1.75 (0.67–4.54) | 1.66 (0.63–4.34) |