Table 1 Clinical characteristics of participants stratified by quartiles of remnant cholesterol

Female, %

56.38

46.04 ^*

36.58 ^{† §}

28.50 ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Age, year

49.69 (12.51)

50.96 (11.31) ^*

51.53 (10.42) ^{† §}

52.07 (10.02) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Body mass index, kg/m²

22.64 (2.94)

23.73 (3.01) ^*

24.56 (2.97) ^{† §}

25.55 (3.01) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Current smoker, %

13.48

16.88 ^*

24.75 ^{† §}

30.77 ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

117.93 (16.83)

122.62 (17.29) ^*

123.92 (16.79) ^{† §}

126.11 (16.08) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

69.55 (11.13)

72.95 (11.11) ^*

73.95 (11.03) ^{† §}

75.98 (10.72) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Serum uric acid, µmol/L

289.03 (71.58)

318.65 (80.43) ^*

339.63 (82.40) ^{† §}

367.94 (83.28) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.29 (0.77)

4.66 (0.76) ^*

5.00 (0.84) ^{† §}

5.41 (0.97) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Triglyceride, mmol/L

0.83 (0.25)

1.16 (0.33) ^*

1.56 (0.43) ^{† §}

2.88 (1.86) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.51 (0.36)

1.33 (0.32) ^*

1.20 (0.28) ^{† §}

1.03 (0.24) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.36 (0.62)

2.68 (0.62) ^*

2.95 (0.71) ^{† §}

3.00 (0.87) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L

4.75 (0.83)

4.92 (1.03) ^*

5.00 (1.18) ^{† §}

5.23 (1.56) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Glycated hemoglobin A1c, %

5.64 (0.59)

5.74 (0.74) ^*

5.82 (0.76) ^{† §}

5.97 (1.03) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Remnant cholesterol, mmol/L

0.43 (0.10)

0.65 (0.05) ^*

0.85 (0.07) ^{† §}

1.37 (0.56) ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, U/L

15.00 [12.00, 22.00]

19.00 [14.00, 28.00] ^*

24.00 [16.00, 36.00] ^{† §}

32.00 [21.00, 51.00] ^{‡ || ¶}

< 0.001

Severity of hepatic steatosis, %

< 0.001

 Mild steatosis

21.29

32.14 ^*

40.50 ^{† §}

54.14 ^{‡ || ¶}

 Moderate-to-severe steatosis

1.89

3.64 ^*

6.42 ^{† §}

11.68 ^{‡ || ¶}

 Overall steatosis

23.18

35.78 ^*

46.92 ^{† §}

65.82 ^{‡ || ¶}