Comparison of METS-IR and HOMA-IR for predicting new-onset CKD in middle-aged and older adults

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to new-onset CKD

Variable	Total	No CKD	New-onset CKD	p-value
N	8243	6737	1506
Age (years)	51.9 ± 8.8	50.3 ± 8.2	58.7 ± 7.8	< 0.001
Sex				< 0.001
Men	3964 (48.1%)	3371 (50.0%)	593 (39.4%)
Women	4279 (51.9%)	3366 (50.0%)	913 (60.6%)
Body mass index (kg/m²)	24.6 ± 3.1	24.5 ± 3.1	25.1 ± 3.3	< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	82.6 ± 8.8	82.0 ± 8.7	85.1 ± 8.7	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	121.1 ± 18.3	119.4 ± 17.4	128.6 ± 20.0	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	80.2 ± 11.4	79.6 ± 11.3	83.2 ± 11.6	< 0.001
FPG (mg/dL)	87.1 ± 20.6	86.4 ± 18.9	90.1 ± 26.5	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	191.4 ± 35.0	190.1 ± 34.6	197.0 ± 36.4	< 0.001
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	160.8 ± 103.5	156.6 ± 100.8	179.4 ± 113.2	< 0.001
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	44.7 ± 10.0	45.0 ± 10.0	43.5 ± 9.9	< 0.001
CRP	0.23 ± 0.54	0.22 ± 0.56	0.27 ± 0.43	< 0.001
eGFR (CKD-EPI)	92.9 ± 13.1	94.9 ± 12.5	84.3 ± 12.2	< 0.001
HOMA-IR	1.66 ± 1.15	1.62 ± 1.07	1.84 ± 1.47	< 0.001
METS-IR	37.85 ± 6.64	37.53 ± 6.53	39.28 ± 6.94	< 0.001
Current smoking (yes)†				< 0.001
1	4840 (58.7%)	3868 (57.4%)	972 (64.5%)
2	1299 (15.8%)	1080 (16.0%)	219 (14.5%)
3	244 (3.0%)	206 (3.1%)	38 (2.5%)
4	1860 (22.6%)	1583 (23.5%)	277 (18.4%)
Regular drinking				< 0.001
1	3750 (45.5%)	2901 (43.1%)	849 (56.4%)
2	513 (6.2%)	404 (6.0%)	109 (7.2%)
3	3980 (48.3%)	3432 (50.9%)	548 (36.4%)
Mets (hour/day)	24.04 ± 14.90	23.89 ± 14.78	24.70 ± 15.42	0.064
Type 2 diabetes	969 (11.8%)	664 (9.9%)	305 (20.3%)	< 0.001
Hypertension	2579 (31.3%)	1858 (27.6%)	721 (47.9%)	< 0.001
Dyslipidemia	3217 (39.0%)	2526 (37.5%)	691 (45.9%)	< 0.001

Values are presented as means ± standard deviations, medians (25th percentiles, 75th percentiles), or numbers (%)
CKD chronic kidney disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HDL high-density lipoprotein, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, METS-IR metabolic score for insulin resistance, HOMR-IR homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, MET metabolic equivalent of task P-value for the comparison of baseline characteristics between participants who developed CKD and those who did not develop CKD at the baseline survey. Significance was set at a p < 0.05

ISSN: 1758-5996