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Table 3 Summary of subgroup analysis results

From: Effect of exercise interventions based on family management or self-management on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Outcome

Number of RCTs

Number of participants

Heterogeneity

Meta analysis

subgroup differences

P value

I2 (%)

Effect estimate (95% CI)

P value

The meta-analysis results by exercise frequency

 HbA1c (%)

8[20, 22,23,24,25, 27,28,29]

761

 < 0.00001

88

− 0.87[− 1.28, − 0.45]

 < 0.0001

0.39

 3 times/week

3[20, 25, 29]

242

0.01

78

− 0.65[− 1.22, − 0.08]

0.03

 

 > 3 times/week

5[22,23,24, 27, 28]

519

 < 0.00001

89

− 0.99[− 1.55, − 0.43]

0.0005

 

FBG (mmol/L)

8[20,21,22,23,24,25, 28, 29]

739

 < 0.00001

82

− 1.25[− 1.75, − 0.75]

 < 0.00001

0.44

3 times/week

3[20, 25, 29]

242

 < 0.0001

79

− 0.88[− 2.14,0.37]

0.17

 

 > 3 times/week

5[21,22,23,24, 28]

497

 < 0.00001

86

− 1.43[− 2.03,− 0.83]

 < 0.00001

 

The meta-analysis results by types of exercise

 HbA1c (%)

8[20, 22,23,24, 26,27,28,29]

738

 < 0.00001

85

− 0.93[− 1.32,− 0.54]

 < 0.00001

1.00

 AT

6[22,23,24, 26, 27, 29]

569

 < 0.00001

88

− 0.90[− 1.44,− 0.36]

0.001

 

 CT

2[20, 28]

169

1.00

0

− 0.90[− 1.14,− 0.66]

 < 0.00001

 

 FBG (mmol/L)

8[20,21,22,23,24, 26, 28, 29]

716

 < 0.0001

78

− 1.35[− 1.83,− 0.87]

 < 0.00001

0.74

 AT

6[21,22,23,24, 26, 29]

547

 < 0.0001

84

− 1.31[− 1.91,− 0.71]

 < 0.0001

 

 CT

2[20, 28]

169

0.71

0

− 1.46[− 2.09,− 0.82]

 < 0.00001

 

The meta-analysis results by the durations of exercise interventions

 HbA1c (%)

9[20, 22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29]

786

 < 0.00001

87

− 0.81[− 1.21,− 0.40]

 < 0.00001

0.26

 Short-to-medium term

4[23, 25, 27, 29]

403

0.0002

91

− 0.48[− 1.41,0.44]

0.31

 

 Long term

5[20, 22, 24, 26, 28]

383

 < 0.00001

82

− 1.06[− 1.47,− 0.65]

 < 0.0001

 

 FBG (mmol/L)

9[20,21,22,23,24,25,26, 28, 29]

764

 < 0.00001

81

− 1.17[− 1.67,− 0.68]

 < 0.00001

0.45

 Short-to-medium term

3[23, 25, 29]

254

0.005

81

− 0.82[− 1.90,0.25]

0.13

 

 Long term

6[20,21,22, 24, 26, 28]

510

 < 0.0001

84

− 1.34[− 2.16,− 0.53]

0.001

 

 LDL (mmol/L)

4[25, 26, 28, 29]

236

0.35

9

− 0.38[− 0.58,− 0.18]

0.0002

0.36

 Short-to-medium term

2[25, 29]

142

0.25

23

− 0.33[− 0.56,− 0.10]

0.005

 

 Long term

2[26, 28]

94

0.28

13

− 0.54[− 0.94,− 0.14]

0.008

 

 TG (mmol/L)

4[25, 26, 28, 29]

236

0.28

22

− 0.16[− 0.40,0.09]

0.17

0.53

 Short-to-medium term

2[25, 29]

142

0.97

0

− 0.20[− 0.48,0.08]

0.96

 

 Long term

2[26, 28]

94

0.06

71

− 0.01[− 0.53,0.50]

0.22

 

 SBP (mmHg)

5[21, 26,27,28,29]

464

 < 0.0001

85

− 7.30[− 15.29,0.69]

0.07

0.66

 Short-to-medium term

2[27, 29]

243

0.0001

93

− 10.45[− 30.47,9.57]

0.31

 

 Long term

3[21, 26, 28]

221

0.008

79

− 5.38[− 15.44,4.68]

0.29

 

 DBP (mmHg)

5[21, 26,27,28,29]

464

0.002

77

− 2.04[− 6.36,2.27]

0.38

0.46

 Short-to-medium term

2[27, 29]

243

0.0002

93

− 5.49[− 17.75,6.77]

0.79

 

 Long term

3[21, 26, 28]

221

0.15

47

− 0.57[− 4.68,3.54]

0.35

 

 BMI (kg/m2)

5[22, 25,26,27,28]

388

0.40

1

-0.70[-1.57,0.16]

0.11

0.17

 Short-to-medium term

2[25, 27]

197

0.95

0

0.42[-1.40,2.24]

0.65

 

 Long term

3[22, 26, 28]

191

0.34

8

− 1.03[− 2.01,− 0.05]

0.04

 

The meta-analysis results by baseline levels

 HbA1c (%)

9[20, 22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29]

786

 < 0.00001

87

− 0.81[− 1.21,− 0.40]

 < 0.0001

0.99

  ≤ 7.5%

4[20, 22, 25, 29]

339

0.009

74

− 0.79[− 1.19,− 0.40]

 < 0.0001

 

  > 7.5%

5[23, 24, 26,27,28]

447

 < 0.00001

90

− 0.79[− 1.53,− 0.05]

0.04

 

 FBG (mmol/L)

9[20,21,22,23,24,25,26, 28, 29]

764

 < 0.00001

81

 

 < 0.00001

0.04

  ≤ 7.5mmol/L

3[20, 21, 25]

275

0.009

79

 

0.24

 

  > 7.5mmol/L

6[22,23,24, 26, 28, 29]

489

0.04

71

 

 < 0.00001

 
  1. HbA1c Glycosylated haemoglobin, FBG Fasting blood glucose, AT Aerobic exercise intervention, RT Resistance exercise intervention, CT Combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, BMI Body Mass Index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, LDL Low-density lipoproteins, TG Triglycerides
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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