Effect of exercise interventions based on family management or self-management on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 GRADE Summary of Evidence

Certainty Assessment							No. of Patients		Effect		Certainty	Importance
No. of Studies	Study Design	Risk of Bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Other Considerations	Exercise Intervention	Usual Care	Relative (95% CI)	Absolute (95% CI)
HbA1c 9	RCT	Serious^a,b	Serious^c	Not Serious	Not Serious	None	395	391	-	MD 0.81 lower (1.21 lower to 0.40 lower)	low	-
FBG 9	RCT	Serious^a,b	Serious^c	Not Serious	Not Serious	None	388	376	-	MD 1.17 lower (1.67 lower to 0.68 lower)	low	-
2h PG 3	RCT	Serious^a,b	Serious^c	Not Serious	Serious^d	Publication bias strongly suspected^e	152	152	-	MD 1.84 lower (2.50 lower to 1.19 lower)	Very low	-
LDL 4	RCT	Serious^a,b	Not Serious	Not Serious	Serious^d	Publication bias strongly suspected^e	121	115	-	MD 0.38 lower (0.58 lower to 0.18 lower)	Very low	-

HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, FBG fasting blood glucose, LDL Low-density lipoproteins, RCT Randomized trials, CI confidence interval, MD mean difference
^a Incomplete allocation concealment
^b High risk of bias in one study
^c Substantial heterogeneity
^d Small sample sizes and wide confidence intervals
^e Too few studies to assess publication bias

ISSN: 1758-5996