Fig. 5
From: Research progress on the relationship between bile acid metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus
FGF15/19 and BAs. FGF19 inhibits BAs synthesis by binding to FGFR4, thus blocking CYP7A1 through two pathways: SHP-independent inhibition via JNK/ERK and SHP-dependent activation via KLB. FGF19 increases inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via CREB and downregulates glucose 6-phosphatase gene expression, while activating FGFR4/KLB promotes glycogen synthesis and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and adipose tissue glucose disposal, contributing to its hypoglycemic effects