Table 1 Characteristics of included randomized controlled trials
Author | Year | Country | Study arms | Dose and frequency | Participants | Diabetes duration years | Age (y) Mean ± SD | Duration | BMI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frías, J. P. [22] | 2022 | USA | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 470 | 9.1 ± 7.16 | 56.3 ± 10.0 | 40 weeks | 33.8 ± 6.85 |
10 mg/week | 469 | 8.4 ± 5.90 | 57.2 ± 10.5 | 34.3 ± 6.6 | |||||
15 mg/week | 470 | 8.7 ± 6.85 | 55.9 ± 10.4 | 34.5 ± 7.11 | |||||
Semaglutide | 1 mg/week | 469 | 8.3 ± 5.80 | 56.9 ± 10.8 | 34.2 ± 7.15 | ||||
Vadher, K. [20] | 2022 | UK | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 470 | 9.1 ± 7.2 | 56.3 ± 10.0 | 40 weeks | 33.8 ± 6.9 |
10 mg/week | 469 | 8.4 ± 5.9 | 57.2 ± 10.5 | 34.3 ± 6.6 | |||||
15 mg/week | 470 | 8.7 ± 6.9 | 55.9 ± 10.4 | 34.5 ± 7.1 | |||||
Semaglutide | 2 mg/week | 480 | 8.3 ± 5.8 | 57.9 ± 10.0 | 34.2 ± 7.2 | ||||
Ludvik, B. [16] | 2021 | Austria | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 358 | NP | 57.2 ± 10.1 | 52 weeks | 33.6 ± 5.9 |
10 mg/week | 360 | 57.4 ± 9.7 | 33.4 ± 6.2 | ||||||
15 mg/week | 358 | 57.5 ± 10.2 | 33.7 ± 6.1 | ||||||
Insulin degludec | 10 U/day | 359 | 57.5 ± 10.1 | 33.4 ± 6.1 | |||||
Frias, J. P. [27] | 2020 | USA | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 29 | 10.5 ± 7.90 | 61.2 ± 7.56 | 12 weeks | 31.1 ± 4.21 |
10 mg/week | 28 | 8.2 ± 4.87 | 55.5 ± 8.54 | 32.0 ± 5.56 | |||||
15 mg/week | 28 | 8.9 ± 6.35 | 56.6 ± 9.21 | 32.0 ± 5.19 | |||||
Placebo | NP | 26 | 8.8 ± 6.43 | 56.0 ± 10.13 | 32.5 ± 5.70 | ||||
Dahl, D. [18] | 2022 | Germany | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 116 | 14.1 ± 8.1 | 62 ± 10 | 40 weeks | 33.6 ± 5.9 |
10 mg/week | 119 | 12.6 ± 6.2 | 60 ± 10 | 33.4 ± 6.2 | |||||
15 mg/week | 120 | 13.7 ± 7.5 | 61 ± 10 | 33.4 ± 5.9 | |||||
Insulin Glargine | > 20 IU/day or > 0.25 IU/kg/d | 120 | 12.9 ± 7.4 | 60 ± 10 | 33.2 ± 6.3 | ||||
Wilson, J. M. [23] | 2020 | USA | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 41 | 8.9 ± 5.7 | 57.9 ± 8.2 | 26 weeks | 32.9 ± 5.7 |
10 mg/week | 47 | 7.9 ± 5.8 | 56.5 ± 9.9 | 32.6 ± 5.8 | |||||
15 mg/week | 43 | 8.5 ± 6.1 | 56.0 ± 7.6 | 32.2 ± 6.2 | |||||
Dulaglutide | 1.5 mg/week | 33 | 9.3 ± 7.1 | 58.7 ± 7.8 | 32.4 ± 5.4 | ||||
Placebo | NP | 41 | 8.6 ± 7.0 | 56.6 ± 8.9 | 32.4 ± 6.0 | ||||
Furihata, K. [61] | 2022 | Japan | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 11 | 7.0 ± 5.0 | 57.5 ± 7.9 | 8 weeks | 26.7 ± 3.3 |
10 mg/week | 12 | 8.4 ± 3.8 | 56.9 ± 9.5 | 25.5 ± 2.8 | |||||
15 mg/week | 16 | 9.1 ± 4.8 | 57.7 ± 8.0 | 26.1 ± 3.1 | |||||
Placebo | NP | 9 | 9.5 ± 3.4 | 57.4 ± 11.6 | 22.6 ± 2.1 | ||||
Heise, T. [62] | 2022 | Germany | Tirzepatide | 15 mg/week | 45 | 10.24 ± 5.80 | 61.1 ± 7.1 | 28 weeks | NP |
Semaglutide | 1 mg/week | 44 | 12.73 ± 6.10 | 63.7 ± 5.9 | |||||
Placebo | NP | 28 | 10.95 ± 6.78 | 60.4 ± 7.6 | |||||
Inagaki, N. [63] | 2022 | Japan | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 159 | 4.5 (2.1–7.5) | 56.8 ± 10.1 | 52 weeks | 28.6 ± 5.4 |
10 mg/week | 158 | 5.1 (2.2–8.4) | 56.2 ± 10.3 | 28.0 ± 4.1 | |||||
15 mg/week | 160 | 5.1 (2.2–8.4) | 56.0 ± 10.7 | 28.1 ± 4.4 | |||||
Dulaglutide | 0.75 mg/week | 159 | 5.0 (1.9–8.4) | 57.5 ± 10.2 | 27.8 ± 3.7 | ||||
Frias, J. P. [12] | 2018 | USA | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 55 | 8.9 ± 5.7 | 57.9 ± 8.2 | 26 weeks | 32.9 ± 5.7 |
10 mg/week | 51 | 7.9 ± 5.8 | 56.5 ± 9.9 | 32.6 ± 5.8 | |||||
15 mg/week | 53 | 8.5 ± 6.1 | 56.0 ± 7.6 | 32.2 ± 6.2 | |||||
Dulaglutide | 1.5 mg/week | 54 | 9.3 ± 7.1 | 58.7 ± 7.8 | 32.4 ± 5.4 | ||||
Placebo | NP | 51 | 8.6 ± 7.0 | 56.6 ± 8.9 | 32.4 ± 6.0 | ||||
Rosenstock, J. [21] | 2021 | USA | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 121 | 4.6 ± 5.1 | 54.1 ± 11.9 | 40 weeks | 32.2 ± 7.0 |
10 mg/week | 121 | 4.9 ± 5.6 | 55.8 ± 10.4 | 32.2 ± 7.6 | |||||
15 mg/week | 120 | 4.8 ± 5.0 | 52.9 ± 12.3 | 31.5 ± 5.5 | |||||
Placebo | NP | 113 | 4.5 ± 5.9 | 53.6 ± 12.8 | 31.7 ± 6.1 | ||||
Del Prato, S. [17] | 2021 | USA | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 329 | 9.8 (6.2–15.3) | 62.9 ± 8.6 | 52 weeks | 32.6 ± 6.06 |
10 mg/week | 328 | 10.6 (6.5–16.2) | 63.7 ± 8.7 | 32.8 ± 5.51 | |||||
15 mg/week | 338 | 10.4 (5.5–15.7) | 63.7 ± 8.6 | 32.5 ± 5.02 | |||||
Insulin Glargine | 10 U/day | 1000 | 10.7 (6.3–16.5) | 63.8 ± 8.5 | 32.5 ± 5.55 | ||||
Gao, L. [19] | 2023 | China | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 230 | 7.43 ± 5.93 | 53.1 ± 11.2 | 40 weeks | 28.1 ± 3.9 |
10 mg/week | 228 | 7.9 ± 5.65 | 53.5 ± 11.1 | 27.7 ± 3.8 | |||||
15 mg/week | 229 | 7.64 ± 5.63 | 54.3 ± 11.6 | 27.8 ± 3.8 | |||||
Insulin Glargine | 220 | 7.65 ± 5.72 | 55.6 ± 11.4 | 28 ± 4.6 | |||||
Garvey, W. T. [64] | 2023 | USA | Tirzepatide | 5 mg/week | 312 | 8.8 ± 6.9 | 54.3 ± 10.7 | 72 weeks | 36.0 ± 6.4 |
15 mg/week | 311 | 8.0 ± 6.4 | 53.6 ± 10.6 | 35.7 ± 6.1 | |||||
Placebo | NP | 315 | 8.8 ± 6.2 | 54.7 ± 10.5 | 36.6 ± 7.3 |