Fig. 1

In patients with obese sarcopenia, there is usually tissue damage or cellular stress due to metabolic disorders that eventually lead to mitochondrial disorders: dynamic imbalance, abnormal release of mtDNA and abnormal mitophagy. Among them, the increased dynamic imbalance of mitochondria will intensify the disruption of mitochondrial structure and functions, and the release of mtDNA will lead to abnormal autophagy. During deterioration, dynamic imbalance of mitochondria and abnormal release of mtDNA both stimulate NLRP3, TLR9 and cGAS/STING signaling pathways; the abnormal mitophagy will cause immune stress. Ultimately, mitochondrial disorders will trigger abnormal changes in inflammatory factors, creating long-term chronic inflammation and further exacerbating the development of obese sarcopenia