Table 4 Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) in included randomized controlled trials
Outcomes | Participants (studies) | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Overall quality of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight | 1518 (27 studies) | no serious risk of bias | serious1 | serious2 | no serious imprecision | reporting bias strongly suspected3 | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW1,2,3 due to inconsistency, indirectness, publication bias, dose-response gradient |
HDL | 1352 (23 studies) | no serious risk of bias | no serious inconsistency1 | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | undetected | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ HIGH |
LDL | 1283 (22 studies) | no serious risk of bias | serious1 | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | reporting bias strongly suspected3 | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ LOW1.3 due to inconsistency |
TG | 549 (23 studies) | no serious risk of bias | serious1 | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | undetected | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ MODERATE1 due to inconsistency |
Fasting insulin | 935 (20 studies) | no serious risk of bias | very serious1 | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | undetected | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW1 due to inconsistency |
Fasting glucose | 1086 (19 studies) | no serious risk of bias | serious1 | no serious indirectness | no serious imprecision | undetected | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ MODERATE1 due to inconsistency |