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Table 2 Characteristic of pregnant women with or without GDM in pre-pregnancy non-obese and obese subgroups

From: Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity modifies the association between first-trimester thyroid hormone sensitivity and gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a retrospective study from Northern China

Non-obese

Obese

Variables

Non-GDM

GDM

P value

Non-GDM

GDM

P value

N

960

182

 

125

43

 

Age, years

31.27 ± 3.46

32.93 ± 4.07

< 0.001

31.97 ± 3.59

32.72 ± 4.12

0.255

Gestational week

39.33 ± 1.28

38.91 ± 1.26

< 0.001

38.99 ± 1.45

39.13 ± 0.85

0.553

pBMI (kg/m2)

20.69 ± 2.05

21.31 ± 1.93

< 0.001

27.37 ± 2.09

27.34 ± 2.10

0.936

Parity, n (%)

  

0.048

  

0.363

≥ 1

186 (19.4%)

47 (25.8%)

 

35 (28.0%)

9 (20.9%)

 

0

774 (81.6%)

135 (74.2%)

 

90 (72.0%)

34 (79.1%)

 

Thyroid parameter

      

FT3 (pmol/L)

4.92 ± 0.48

4.94 ± 0.48

0.594

4.99 ± 0.51

5.01 ± 0.51

0.811

FT4 (pmol/L)

16.15 ± 1.87

16.25 ± 1.96

0.515

15.95 ± 2.04

15.49 ± 1.88

0.197

TSH (mIU/mL )

1.17 (0.72,1.74)

1.31 (0.81, 1.99)

0.028

1.57 (1.00, 2.02)

1.18 (0.87, 1.56)

0.007

FT3/FT4 ratio

0.307 ± 0.036

0.307 ± 0.036

0.903

0.315 ± 0.036

0.326 ± 0.042

0.102

TFQI

-0.01 ± 0.36

0.05 ± 0.36

0.024

0.06 ± 0.35

-0.12 ± 0.26

0.001

PTFQI

-0.01 ± 0.35

0.06 ± 0.35

0.029

0.06 ± 0.33

-0.09 ± 0.25

0.001

TSHI

2.30 (1.82, 2.69)

2.46 (1.99, 2.85)

0.008

2.52 (2.20, 2.87)

2.20 (1.96, 2.38)

< 0.001

TT4RI

18.88 (11.53,27.27)

21.11 (13.86,31.35)

0.016

23.33 (16.28, 33.05)

17.83 (14.89,23.65)

0.001

TPO-Ab (U/L)

30.00 (14.00, 41.70)

30.90 (14.00, 41.10)

0.726

30.10 (14.00, 41.00)

32.20 (14.00,41.73)

0.711

TG-Ab (U/L)

16.70 (7.50, 27.00)

15.60 (7.50, 26.00)

0.215

17.90 (7.50, 30.73)

7.50 (7.50, 30.83)

0.305

Biochemistry parameter

      

TG ( mg/dL )

79.74 (63.79, 101.00)

95.69 (75.31, 121.38)

< 0.001

102.78 (80.18, 129.58)

109.86 (90.82, 131.35)

0.336

TC ( mg/dL )

157.56 ± 24.50

165.39 ± 28.82

0.001

162.96 ± 25.48

171.34 ± 27.58

0.074

HDL-C ( mg/dL )

59.17 (52.20, 67.67)

59.75 (49.21, 66.51)

0.407

51.43 (43.31, 59.94)

52.59 (44.47, 59.26)

0.926

LDL-C ( mg/dL )

86.23 (73.47, 100.16)

94.16 (78.98 108.86)

< 0.001

99.00 (82.27, 119.20)

106.92 (92.13, 125.48)

0.052

AST (U/L)

17.0 (15.0, 19.0)

17.0 (15.0, 20.0)

0.957

17.0 (15.0, 21.0)

16.5 (15.0, 19.3)

0.292

ALT (U/L)

14.0 (11.0, 19.0)

15.0 (12.0, 19.0)

0.542

16.0 (13.8, 25.5)

20.0 (15.0, 23.3)

0.36

eGFR (mL/min per 1.73

139.34 (125.94, 153.30)

137.19 (123.83, 148.53)

0.227

133.47 (119.93, 148.22)

128.76 (117.54, 137.86)

0.069

m2 )

UA ( mg/dL )

3.56 (3.16, 4.10)

3.87 (3.24, 4.42)

< 0.001

4.40 (3.59, 4.96)

4.42 (3.71, 5.20)

0.403

OGTT-FPG ( mg/dL )

75.62 ± 6.39

82.01 ± 11.01

< 0.001

78.46 ± 7.79

88.95 ± 9.50

< 0.001

OGTT-1hPPG ( mg/dL )

128.79 ± 24.53

172.58 ± 25.31

< 0.001

136.73 ± 24.30

179.56 ± 28.28

< 0.001

OGTT-2hPPG ( mg/dL )

114.07 ± 18.16

157.17 ± 23.98

< 0.001

117.87 ± 18.08

160.51 ± 23.59

< 0.001

  1. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD or median (upper and lower quartiles) or number (%). Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; pBMI, pre-pregnancy body mass index; PTFQI, Parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index; TC, total cholesterol; TFQI, Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index; TG, triglycerides; TG-Ab, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies; TPO-Ab, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSHI, TSH index; TT4RI, thyrotrophic T4 resistance index; UA, uric acid
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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