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Table 1 Basic characteristic of the population with and without GDM.

From: Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity modifies the association between first-trimester thyroid hormone sensitivity and gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a retrospective study from Northern China

Variables

 

Total

 

Non-GDM

 

GDM

P value

N

 

1310

 

1085

 

225

 

Age (years)

 

31.62 ± 3.63

 

31.35 ± 3.48

 

32.89 ± 4.07

< 0.001

Gestational time (week)

 

39.23 ± 1.29

 

39.29 ± 1.30

 

38.96 ± 1.19

< 0.001

pBMI (kg/m2)

 

21.63 ± 3.00

 

21.46 ± 2.96

 

22.46 ± 3.08

< 0.001

Parity, n (%)

      

0.131

≥ 1

 

277 (21.1%)

 

221 (20.4%)

 

56 (24.9%)

 

0

 

1033 (78.9%)

 

864 (79.6%)

 

169 (75.1%)

 

Thyroid parameter

       

FT3 (pmol/L)

 

4.93 ± 0.49

 

4.93 ± 0.49

 

4.95 ± 0.48

0.468

FT4 (pmol/L)

 

16.12 ± 1.90

 

16.12 ± 1.89

 

16.10 ± 1.96

0.872

TSH (µIU/mL )

 

1.22 (0.75,1.79)

 

1.21 (0.74, 1.78)

 

1.28 (0.84, 1.93)

0.191

FT3/FT4 ratio

 

0.309 ± 0.037

 

0.308 ± 0.036

 

0.311 ± 0.038

0.368

TFQI

 

0.00 ± 0.36

 

-0.01 ± 0.36

 

0.02 ± 0.35

0.342

PTFQI

 

0.01 ± 0.35

 

0.00 ± 0.35

 

0.03 ± 0.34

0.320

TSHI

 

2.35 (1.89, 2.72)

 

2.34 (1.87, 2.71)

 

2.37 (1.97, 2.76)

0.193

TT4RI

 

19.58 (12.00, 27.97)

 

19.47 (11.79, 27.75)

 

20.08 (14.05, 29.34)

0.193

TPO-Ab (U/L)*

 

30.10 (14.00, 41.70)

 

30.00 (14.00, 41.70)

 

30.95 (14.00, 41.10)

0.639

TG-Ab (U/L)#

 

16.55 (7.50, 27.00)

 

16.90 (7.50, 27.10)

 

15.40 (7.50, 26.10)

0.117

Biochemistry parameter

       

TG (mg/dL)

 

83.28 (66.45, 108.98)

 

81.51 (65.56, 105.43)

 

98.79 (76.20, 123.38)

< 0.001

TC (mg/dL)

 

159.60 ± 25.57

 

158.17 ± 24.67

 

166.52 ± 28.62

< 0.001

HDL-C (mg/dL)

 

58.39 (50.66, 66.90)

 

58.39 (51.04, 67.29)

 

58.20 (48.24, 65.74)

0.141

LDL-C (mg/dL)

 

88.55 (75.41, 103.64)

 

87.39 (74.25,101.32)

 

95.51 (82.27, 112.92)

< 0.001

AST (U/L)

 

17.0 (15.0, 19.0)

 

17.0 (15.0, 19.0)

 

17.0 (15.0, 20.0)

0.601

ALT (U/L)

 

15.0 (12.0, 20.0)

 

15.0 (11.0, 20.0)

 

15.0 (12.0, 21.0)

0.111

eGFR (mL/min per 1.73

m2 )

 

137.92 (124.35, 152.27)

 

138.56 (124.83, 152.85)

 

135.58 (121.90, 147.62)

0.028

UA (mg/dL)

 

3.66 (3.19, 4.27)

 

3.61 (3.18, 4.22)

 

3.98 (3.35, 4.56)

< 0.001

OGTT FPG (mg/dL)

 

77.22 ± 8.07

 

75.95 ± 6.63

 

83.34 ± 11.06

< 0.001

OGTT-1hPPG (mg/dL)

 

137.30 ± 29.93

 

129.70 ± 24.62

 

173.91 ± 25.99

< 0.001

OGTT-2hPPG (mg/dL)

 

121.95 ± 25.26

 

114.51 ± 18.18

 

157.81 ± 23.89

< 0.001

  1. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD or median (upper and lower quartiles) or number (%). *The number of participants with TPO-Ab value was 1231. #The number of participants with TG-Ab value was 1098. Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; pBMI, pre-pregnancy body mass index; PTFQI, Parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index; TC, total cholesterol; TFQI, Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index; TG, triglycerides; TG-Ab, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies; TPO-Ab, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSHI, TSH index; TT4RI, thyrotrophic T4 resistance index; UA, uric acid
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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