Table 3 Incidence rates and risk of dementia according to lifestyle category within each cardiometabolic disease status

No CMDs

Number of dementia cases/person-years

132/ 66 452

480/ 281 044

284/ 211 743

Incidence rate per 1000 person-years (95% CI)

1.99 (1.67–2.36)

1.71 (1.56–1.87)

1.34 (1.19–1.51)

Absolute rate difference per 1000 person-years (95% CI)

1 (ref)

−0.28 (− 0.65 to 0.09)

−0.65 (− 1.02 to − 0.27)

HR (95% CI)*

1 (ref)

0.87 (0.72–1.06)

0.71 (0.58–0.88)

P value

0.18

0.002

1 CMD

Number of dementia cases/person-years

421/ 167 252

1287/ 636 725

667/ 392 382

Incidence rate per 1000 person-years (95% CI)

2.52 (2.29–2.77)

2.02 (1.91–2.14)

1.70 (1.58–1.83)

Absolute rate difference per 1000 person-years (95% CI)

1 (ref)

−0.50 (− 0.76 to − 0.23)

−0.82 (− 1.09 to − 0.54)

HR (95% CI)

1 (ref)

0.81 (0.73–0.91)

0.70 (0.61–0.79)

P value

< 0.001

< 0.001

2 CMDs

Number of dementia cases/person-years

234/47 910

492/131 407

209/60 867

Incidence rate per 1000 person-years (95% CI)

4.88 (4.30–5.55)

3.74 (3.43–4.09)

3.43 (3.00–3.93)

Absolute rate difference per 1000 person-years (95% CI)

1 (ref)

−1.14 (− 1.85 to − 0.43)

−1.45 (− 2.23 to − 0.67)

HR (95% CI)

1 (ref)

0.76 (0.65–0.89)

0.71 (0.58–0.86)

P value

< 0.001

< 0.001

≥ 3 CMDs

Number of dementia cases/person-years

111/10 787

128/20 684

34/7312

Incidence rate per 1000 person-years (95% CI)

10.3 (8.54–12.4)

6.19 (5.20–7.36)

4.65 (3.32–6.51)

Absolute rate difference per 1000 person-years (95% CI)

1 (ref)

−4.10 (− 6.30 to − 1.91)

−5.64 (− 8.11 to − 3.17)

HR (95% CI)

1 (ref)

0.57 (0.44–0.74)

0.42 (0.28–0.63)

P value

< 0.001

< 0.001