Fig. 2
Associations of cardiometabolic disease status and lifestyle category with structural brain volumes
Coefficients for differences in total brain volume (A), grey matter volume (B), WHM volume (C), and hippocampal volume (D) were estimated using linear regression models and adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, socioeconomic deprivation, depression, APOE ε4 carrier status, and cognitive performance at baseline. The reference group was participants with no CMDs and a favourable lifestyle. WMH was log-transformed in the analysis due to its skewed distribution. Interaction between CMD status and lifestyle category: Pinteraction=0.26 for total brain volume, Pinteraction=0.23 for grey matter volume, Pinteraction=0.63 for WMH volume, Pinteraction=0.41 for hippocampal volume. CMD: cardiometabolic disease; WMH: white matter hyperintensity