Fig. 6

Characterization of lipid and glucose metabolism in intermuscular adipose tissues (IMATs). Representative western blots (A, C, E, G, I) and quantification of the gene-expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) (B), phosphorylated PPAR-γ (p-PPAR-γ; Ser112) (F), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) (J), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) (D), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) (H), and perilipin-5 (Plin-5) (K). The data represent the mean ± the standard error of the mean (n = 5–6/group). CON control, EMA combined therapies + compound-c, EMC combined therapies, EXE moderate exercise, GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, MET metformin, PRE prediabetes. ^ap < 0.05 vs. CON group; ^bp < 0.05 vs. PRE group. ^cp < 0.05 vs. MET group; ^dp < 0.05 vs. EXE group; ^ep < 0.05 vs. EMA group; ^fp < 0.05 vs. EMC group