Assessment of subclinical left ventricular myocardial systolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without hypertension by global and segmental myocardial work

Table 2 Comparison of traditional echocardiographic parameters among the normal controls, T2DM, and T2DM with HT groups

Echocardiographic parameters	Normal controls (n = 70)	T2DM (n = 60)	T2DM with HT (n = 60)	p value
LA diameter, mm	34.30 ± 2.76	35.33 ± 2.70	36.33 ± 3.40*^#	0.011
LAV index, ml/m²	30.88 ± 7.58	29.63 ± 6.40	30.52 ± 7.65	0.608
IVS diameter, mm	9.23 ± 0.82	8.99 ± 0.95	9.76 ± 0.83*^#	< 0.001
PW diameter, mm	8.97 ± 0.82	8.64 ± 0.89	9.50 ± 1.06*^#	< 0.001
LV diameter, mm	45.75 ± 2.74	46.46 ± 3.70	46.66 ± 2.99	0.669
LVEDV index, ml/m²	49.70 ± 9.17	44.77 ± 7.90*	43.35 ± 9.69*	< 0.001
LVESV index, ml/m²	18.75 ± 4.07	17.20 ± 3.64*	16.96 ± 4.49*	0.025
LVEF, %	65.44 ± 2.92	61.78 ± 3.26	61.15 ± 3.11	0.061
MAPSE, mm	14.11 ± 2.45	14.52 ± 1.53	13.43 ± 2.16*^#	0.023
E, m/s	0.82 ± 0.12	0.76 ± 0.14*	0.75 ± 0.15*	0.014
A, m/s	0.68 ± 0.15	0.70 ± 0.17	0.80 ± 0.20*	< 0.001
E/A	1.24 (1.16,1.37)	1.06 (1.05,1.24)	0.92 (0.90,1.12)*^#	< 0.001
e′, m/s	0.11 ± 0.02	0.10 ± 0.02*	0.09 ± 0.02*^#	< 0.001
E/e′	7.82 ± 1.48	8.25 ± 1.65	8.91 ± 2.44*^#	0.001
LVGLS, %	− 20.55 ± 1.90	− 18.87 ± 2.04*	− 17.90 ± 1.94*^#	< 0.001

LA left atrial, LAV left atrial volume, IVS interventricular septum, PW posterior wall, LV left ventricular, LVEDV LV end-diastolic volume, LVESV LV end-systolic volume, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MAPSE mitral annular plane systolic excursion, LVGLS LV global longitudinal strain
Data are expressed as Mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range)
*p < .05 vs normal controls
^#p < .05 vs T2DM

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