Table 1 Comparison of clinical parameters among the normal controls, T2DM, and T2DM with HT groups

Age, year

48.53 ± 9.68

48.58 ± 11.69

52.86 ± 13.13

Male, n (%)

31 (44%)

36 (60%)

35 (58%)

BMI, kg/m²

24.00 ± 3.31

25.98 ± 3.52*

26.63 ± 4.02*

BSA, m²

1.69 ± 0.20

1.79 ± 0.21*

1.80 ± 0.21*

SBP, mmHg

126.17 ± 9.48

124.98 ± 11.97

135.41 ± 16.38*^#

DBP, mmHg

80.03 ± 7.28

79.17 ± 9.56

85.64 ± 9.97*^#

HbA1c, %

5.46 ± 0.38

9.78 ± 2.07*

8.62 ± 2.08*^#

TC, mmol/L

4.56 ± 0.89

4.36 ± 0.91

4.57 ± 1.03

TG, mmol/L

1.36 (1.22,1.78)

1.78 (1.61,2.25)*

1.94 (1.93,2.75)*

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.28 ± 0.33

1.07 ± 0.26*

1.00 ± 0.26*

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.67 ± 0.75

2.69 ± 0.74

2.76 ± 0.89

FPG, mmol/L

4.95 (4.82, 5.14)

10.68 (10.58, 13.36) *

9.10 (9.62, 12.96)*

BUN, mmol/L

4.70 (4.23, 5.32)

5.45 (5.02, 5.89)

5.50 (5.60, 7.24)*

SCR, μmol/L

61.80 (60.35, 70.58)

58.05 (54.90, 63.91)

60.55 (61.05, 91.35)^#

Medication

 ACEI/ARB, n (%)

–

–

24 (40)

 Calcium channel blocker, n (%)

–

–

29 (48.3)

 B-blocker, n (%)

–

–

4 (6.7)

 Diuretic, n (%)

–

–

6 (10)

 SGLT-2 inhibitor, n (%)

–

8 (13.3)

24 (60)

 Metformin, n (%)

–

36 (60)

32 (53.3)

 Insulin, n (%)

–

34 (56.7)

34 (56.7)