Table 1 Clinical data of COVID-19 patients on hospital admission
Data at admission | DM Group | Non-DM Group | DM Group | Non-DM Group | OR | CI | P value | Critical p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables (N = 37) | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | (%) | Positive/total | (%) | Positive/total | ||||
Hypertension, % | 82.32 | 1001/1216 | 42.98 | 906/2108 | 6.177 | 5.207–7.327 | < 0.0001 | 0.00135 | ||||
Age (years) | 65.15 | 56.1–73.4 | 57.9 | 43.7–69.7 | < 0.0001 | 0.00139 | ||||||
RAAS inhibitor drug, % | 54.46 | 513/942 | 34.14 | 492/1441 | 2.307 | 1.949–2.729 | < 0.0001 | 0.00143 | ||||
Cardiovascular disease, % | 28.36 | 344/1213 | 16.09 | 339/2107 | 2.065 | 1.741–2.449 | < 0.0001 | 0.00157 | ||||
Stroke, % | 10.67 | 130/1218 | 5.08 | 107/2108 | 2.234 | 1.712–2.916 | < 0.0001 | 0.00152 | ||||
SAPS 3 | 68 | 55–79 | 63 | 51–74 | < 0.0001 | 0.00156 | ||||||
Renal failure or dialysis, % | 15.44 | 188/1218 | 9.49 | 200/2108 | 1.74 | 1.407–2.155 | < 0.0001 | 0.00161 | ||||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 127 | 110–140 | 120 | 110–135 | < 0.0001 | 0.00167 | ||||||
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.12 | 24.30–31.59 | 25.95 | 22.86–30.48 | < 0.0001 | 0.00172 | ||||||
Cancer, % | 10.52 | 121/1150 | 15.97 | 302/1891 | 0.6187 | 0.4940–0.7749 | < 0.0001 | 0.00179 | ||||
Obesity, % | 33.99 | 414/1218 | 27.03 | 570/2109 | 1.390 | 1.193–1.629 | < 0.0001 | 0.00185 | ||||
Previous smoker, % | 25.10 | 304/1211 | 18.85 | 396/2101 | 1.443 | 1.218–1.710 | < 0.0001 | 0.00192 | ||||
Low education level, % | 74.96 | 404/539 | 64.26 | 543/845 | 1.652 | 1.332–2.048 | < 0.0001 | 0.00200 | ||||
Fever, % | 52.72 | 620/1176 | 58.80 | 1186/2017 | 0.7813 | 0.6760 -0.9031 | 0.0009 | 0.00208 | ||||
Oxigen saturation, % | 94 | 91–96 | 94 | 91–97 | 0.0015 | 0.00217 | ||||||
Tiredness, % | 32.90 | 355/1079 | 27.66 | 492/1779 | 1.283 | 1.089–1.511 | 0.0033 | 0.00227 | ||||
Temperature 0C | 36.1 | 36–37 | 36.15 | 36–37 | 0.0042 | 0.00238 | ||||||
Headache, % | 17.07 | 197/1154 | 21.37 | 418/1956 | 0.7574 | 0.6278–0.9138 | 0.0042 | 0.00250 | ||||
Muscle ache, % | 28.60 | 332/1161 | 33.03 | 653/1977 | 0.8120 | 0.6932–0.9511 | 0.011 | 0.00263 | ||||
Smell loss, % | 12.45 | 144/1157 | 15.59 | 306/1963 | 0.7698 | 0.6221–0.9525 | 0.0182 | 0.00278 | ||||
Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 24 | 20–28 | 23 | 20–28 | 0.07229 | 0.00294 | ||||||
Heart rate, beats/min | 88 | 77–99 | 88 | 78–100 | 0.0881 | 0.00313 | ||||||
Male sex, % | 53.53 | 652/1218 | 56.42 | 1190/2109 | 0.8896 | 0.7720–1.025 | 0.1057 | 0.00333 | ||||
Taste loss, % | 13.49 | 156/1156 | 15.34 | 300/1956 | 0.8611 | 0.6988–1.061 | 0.1764 | 0.00357 | ||||
Stroke or confusion, % | 9.64 | 99/1027 | 8.28 | 141/1703 | 1.182 | 0.9025–1.548 | 0.25 | 0.00385 | ||||
Cough, % | 71.17 | 842/1183 | 69.58 | 1400/2012 | 1.079 | 0.9219–1.264 | 0.3428 | 0.00417 | ||||
Gastrointestinal/ liver disease, % | 4.84 | 59/1218 | 4.18 | 88/2107 | 1.168 | 0.8332–1.637 | 0.373 | 0.00455 | ||||
White ethnicity, % | 65.85 | 781/1186 | 64.43 | 1299/2016 | 10064 | 0.9154–1.238 | 0.417 | 0.00500 | ||||
Symptoms duration (days) | 9 | 6.0–12 | 9 | 6.0–12 | 0.4806 | 0.00556 | ||||||
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75 | 65–84 | 75 | 67–83 | 0.4888 | 0.00625 | ||||||
Runny nose, % | 11.81 | 122/1033 | 12.78 | 219/1714 | 0.9142 | 0.7218–1.158 | 0.4935 | 0.00714 | ||||
Smoker current, % | 6.00 | 73/1217 | 6.66 | 140/2103 | 0.8947 | 0.6680–1.498 | 0.5009 | 0.00833 | ||||
Neurological disease/dementia, % | 8.49 | 88/1037 | 9.18 | 142/1547 | 0.9175 | 0.6945–1.212 | 0.54 | 0.01000 | ||||
Dyspnea, % | 77.49 | 919/1186 | 76.68 | 1555/2028 | 1.047 | 0.8826–1.242 | 0.6288 | 0.01250 | ||||
Gastrointestinal complaints, % | 22.47 | 262/1166 | 23.10 | 456/1974 | 0.9648 | 0.8116–1.147 | 0.7171 | 0.01667 | ||||
Chronic lung disease/asthma, % | 10.02 | 122/1218 | 9.68 | 204/2108 | 1.039 | 0.8202–1.316 | 0.7978 | 0.02500 | ||||
Odionophagy, % | 7.11 | 82/1154 | 7.05 | 137/1942 | 1.008 | 0.7587–1.339 | 0.985 | 0.05000 | ||||