Table 4 Sensitivity analyses for the association of ultra-processed (UPF) consumption with incident diabetes (n = 10,202)
Absolute increments | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |
Reclassifying natural juice/coffee/tea with added sweeteners as UPFs rather than as non- or minimally processed food | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.18) | 1.32 (1.17, 1.49) | 1.40 (1.25, 1.58) |
Defining daily UPF consumption as a proportion of the daily diet´s weight | 1.06 (1.03, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.17) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) | 1.24 (1.10, 1.40) |
Inclusion of red meat intake as an adjustment variable | 1.05 (1.03, 1.07) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.91, 1.15) | 1.20 (1.07, 1.35) |
Inclusion of fruit and vegetable intake as an adjustment variable | 1.05 (1.03, 1.07) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) | 1.23 (1.09, 1.38) |
Inclusion of saturated fat intake as an adjustment variable | 1.07 (1.05, 1.09) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.11) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) | 1.32 (1.16, 1.50) |
Inclusion of sugar intake as an adjustment variable | 1.09 (1.06, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.87, 1.11) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) | 1.37 (1.20, 1.56) |
Inclusion of fiber intake as an adjustment variable | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18) | 1.27 (1.13, 1.43) |
Inclusion of diet quality as an adjustment variable | 1.06 (1.04, 1.09) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.10) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 1.29 (1.15, 1.46) |
Inclusion of 16 cases of incident diabetes who died and were excluded among deaths | 1.05 (1.03, 1.07) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.92, 1.17) | 1.24 (1.11, 1.39) |
Multiple imputation | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.91, 1.15) | 1.20 (1.07, 1.34) |