Association between ultra-processed food consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: the ELSA-Brasil cohort

Table 3 Association of ultra-processed food (UPF) subgroups consumption with the incidence of diabetes, ELSA-Brasil (N = 10,202)

	For a 50 g/day increase					For a SD/day increase
	Crude		Adjusted¹		SD	Crude		Adjusted¹
UPF Subgroups	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI		RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI
1. Ready-packaged bread	0.95	0.91, 1.00	0.96	0.92, 1.01	48 g	0.95	0.91, 1.00	0.97	0.92, 1.01
2. Baked and fried snacks	0.94	0.85, 1.04	0.93	0.84, 1.04	21 g	0.97	0.93, 1.02	0.97	0.93, 1.02
3. Non-dairy sweet snacks and desserts	0.99	0.95, 1.03	0.98	0.94, 1.03	56 g	0.99	0.94, 1.04	0.98	0.94, 1.03
4. Spreads	0.95	0.78, 1.16	0.99	0.82, 1.19	12 g	0.99	0.94, 1.04	1.00	0.95, 1.04
5. Yogurt and dairy sweets	0.93	0.89, 0.96	0.95	0.91, 0.98	61 g	0.91	0.87, 0.95	0.94	0.89, 0.98
6. Processed meats	1.13	1.02, 1.25	1.20	1.09, 1.32	21 g	1.05	1.01, 1.10	1.08	1.04, 1.13
7. Ready-to-eat/heat mixed dishes	0.93	0.84, 1.03	0.99	0.90, 1.08	25 g	0.96	0.92, 1.01	0.99	0.95, 1.04
8. Sweetened beverages	1.03	1.02, 1.04	1.03	1.02, 1.04	230 ml	1.14	1.10, 1.18	1.14	1.10, 1.18
9. Distilled alcoholic beverages	1.31	1.05, 1.63	1.14	0.89, 1.48	8 g	1.04	1.01, 1.08	1.02	0.98, 1.06

¹Adjusted according to Model 2 of Table 2: Age, sex, center, race/color, income, school achievement, family history of diabetes, smoking, physical activity and alcohol
SD = standard deviation

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