Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by quartiles of the triglyceride–glucose index
Characteristics | Total (n = 10,132) | Quartile 1 (n = 2527) | Quartile 2 (n = 2539) | Quartile 3 (n = 2532) | Quartile 4 (n = 2534) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TyG index | 8.7 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.2 | 8.4 ± 0.1 | 8.8 ± 0.1 | 9.4 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
Age, years | 54.1 ± 5.8 | 52.9 ± 5.7 | 53.9 ± 5.7 | 54.6 ± 5.7 | 55.1 ± 5.6 | < 0.001 |
Male | 4611 (46) | 927 (37) | 1070 (42) | 1236 (49) | 1378 (54) | < 0.001 |
Race-center | < 0.001 | |||||
Minneapolis White participants | 2661 (26) | 706 (28) | 679 (27) | 677 (27) | 599 (24) | |
Jackson Black participants | 2251 (22) | 671 (27) | 592 (23) | 490 (19) | 498 (20) | |
Washington Co. White participants | 2446 (24) | 474 (19) | 556 (22) | 662 (26) | 754 (30) | |
Forsyth Co. Black participants | 333 (3) | 116 (5) | 72 (3) | 80 (3) | 65 (3) | |
Forsyth Co. White participants | 2441 (24) | 560 (22) | 640 (25) | 623 (25) | 618 (24) | |
Smoking status | < 0.001 | |||||
Current smoker | 2626 (26) | 562 (22) | 679 (27) | 716 (28) | 669 (26) | |
Former smoker | 3315 (33) | 752 (30) | 806 (32) | 834 (33) | 923 (36) | |
Never smoker | 4191 (41) | 1213 (48) | 1054 (42) | 982 (39) | 942 (37) | |
Drinking status | < 0.001 | |||||
Current drinker | 5777 (57) | 1503 (59) | 1464 (58) | 1413 (56) | 1397 (55) | |
Former drinker | 1916 (19) | 392 (16) | 469 (18) | 516 (20) | 539 (21) | |
Never drinker | 2439 (24) | 632 (25) | 606 (24) | 603 (24) | 598 (24) | |
Education level | < 0.001 | |||||
Basic education | 2240 (22) | 454 (18) | 538 (21) | 563 (22) | 685 (27) | |
Intermediate education | 4200 (41) | 994 (39) | 1035 (41) | 1090 (43) | 1081 (43) | |
Advanced education | 3692 (36) | 1079 (43) | 966 (38) | 879 (35) | 768 (30) | |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Hypertension | 3387 (33) | 575 (23) | 757 (30) | 857 (34) | 1198 (47) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 919 (9) | 42 (2) | 77 (3) | 131 (5) | 669 (26) | < 0.001 |
CHD | 456 (5) | 53 (2) | 90 (4) | 113 (4) | 200 (8) | < 0.001 |
PAD | 393 (4) | 78 (3) | 83 (3) | 112 (4) | 120 (5) | 0.003 |
Heart failure | 393 (4) | 45 (2) | 94 (4) | 90 (4) | 164 (7) | < 0.001 |
Physical examination | ||||||
SBP, mmHg | 121 ± 19.1 | 118 ± 19.4 | 120 ± 18.9 | 121 ± 18.1 | 125 ± 18.9 | < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg | 73.3 ± 11.2 | 72.2 ± 11.4 | 72.9 ± 11.2 | 73.5 ± 10.9 | 74.7 ± 10.9 | < 0.001 |
Heart rate, b.p.m. | 66.7 ± 10.2 | 64.9 ± 9.64 | 66.0 ± 9.82 | 66.6 ± 10.0 | 69.1 ± 10.8 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.6 ± 5.34 | 25.6 ± 4.89 | 27.0 ± 5.25 | 28.1 ± 5.26 | 29.6 ± 5.14 | < 0.001 |
Medication | ||||||
Anti-hypertensive medication | 2915 (29) | 446 (18) | 645 (25) | 750 (30) | 1074 (42) | < 0.001 |
Lipid-lowering medication | 321 (3) | 31 (1) | 76 (3) | 99 (4) | 115 (5) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory values | ||||||
Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 108 ± 38.0 | 94.4 ± 8.61 | 99.3 ± 11.5 | 104 ± 17.5 | 135 ± 65.2 | < 0.001 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL | 125.±64.5 | 63.5 ± 12.4 | 94.2 ± 13.1 | 131 ± 20.8 | 209 ± 63.7 | < 0.001 |
Insulin, µIU/mL | 13.5 ± 26.0 | 8.31 ± 20.7 | 10.2 ± 12.1 | 13.1 ± 14.8 | 22.3 ± 42.4 | < 0.001 |
TC, mg/dL | 213 ± 40.9 | 196 ± 36.5 | 208 ± 37.7 | 219 ± 38.8 | 229 ± 43.1 | < 0.001 |
LDL-c, mg/dL | 137 ± 38.8 | 121 ± 34.7 | 135 ± 37.2 | 145 ± 37.6 | 145 ± 40.3 | < 0.001 |
HDL-c, mg/dL | 51.7 ± 17.0 | 62.9 ± 17.8 | 54.5 ± 15.6 | 47.8 ± 13.8 | 41.6 ± 12.5 | < 0.001 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 102 ± 15.5 | 106 ± 15.1 | 103 ± 14.8 | 101 ± 14.8 | 100 ± 16.7 | < 0.001 |
Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 294 (77.0) | 284 (73.0) | 294 (76.0) | 296 (79.0) | 300 (77.0) | < 0.001 |
Incident stroke | 909/10,132 | 171/2527 | 197/2539 | 243/2532 | 298/2534 | < 0.001 |
Incident ischemic stroke | 793/10,132 | 129/2527 | 178/2539 | 213/2532 | 273/2534 | < 0.001 |
Incident ICH | 95/10,132 | 29/2527 | 15/2539 | 25/2532 | 26/2534 | 0.190 |