Antidepressants and type 2 diabetes: highways to knowns and unknowns

Table 2 Mechanism of action of antidepressant [112]

Class	Example	Mechanism of action
SSRIs	Fluoxetine, fluvoxamine	Inhibit reuptake of 5HT.
NRIs	Atomoxetine, reboxetine	Inhibit reuptake of NE.
SNRIs	Venlafaxine, duloxetine	Inhibit reuptake of NE and 5HT.
DNRIs	Bupropion	Inhibit reuptake of NE and dopamine.
TCA	Imipramine and amitriptyline	Inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and 5HT with minimal effect on dopamine, antagonists for muscarinic and H1 receptors, agonists for sigma receptors.
SMs	Vortioxetine, vilazodone	Inhibit reuptake 5HT, modulation of 5HT receptors
SARIs	Trazodone, nefazodone	Inhibit reuptake 5HT, block 5HT receptors.
MAOIs	Moclobemide, selegiline	Inhibit metabolism of monoamines.
NMDA-RA	ketamine, esketamine	Rapid-acting antidepressant, block NMDA glutamate receptors.

SSRI: selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, NRI: noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor, SNRI: serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors, DNRIs: dopamine, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, TCA: tricyclic antidepressant, SMs: serotonin modulators, SARIs: serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors, MAOIs: monoamine oxidase inhibitors, NMDA-RA: N-Methyl-D–Aspartate receptor antagonists

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