Table 3 Summary results of overall meta-analysis for each outcome and according to age subgroups

HbA1c (%)^a

 Overall

2210 (20)

− 0.37 (− 0.49 to − 0.26)

 < 0.001

77%

 Adults

667 (9)

− 0.38 (− 0.63 to − 0.12)

0.004

88%

 Pediatric

657 (7)

− 0.31 (− 0.44 to − 0.19)

 < 0.001

0%

 Mixed

886 (4)

− 0.46 (− 0.56 to − 0.30)

 < 0.001

62%

HbA1c (mmol/mol)^a

 Overall

1229 (13)

− 4.77 (− 6.39 to − 3.14)

 < 0.001

85%

 Adults

596 (7)

− 4.87 (− 7.66 to − 2.97)

0.001

91%

 Pediatric

327 (3)

− 6.77 (− 11·90 to − 1·64)

0.010

83%

 Mixed

306 (6)

− 3.70 (− 5.00 to − 2.39)

 < 0.001

0%

TIR^a

 Overall

2499 (24)

10.87 (9.38 to 12.37)

 < 0.001

81%

 Adults

907 (11)

11.69 (8.65 to 14.72)

 < 0.001

89%

 Pediatric

706 (8)

9.97 (8.36 to 11.58)

 < 0.001

38%

 Mixed

886 (5)

11.21 (9.39 to 13.03)

 < 0.001

51%

DKA^b

 Overall

2413 (22)

1.62 (0.64 to 4.12)

0.31

0%

 Adults

1020 (11)

0.85 (0.22 to 3·25)

0.81

0%

 Pediatric

669 (7)

3.06 (0.63 to 14.85)

0.17

0%

 Mixed

724 (4)

2.67 (0.11 to 67.40)

0.55

NA

Severe hypoglycaemia^b

 Overall

2244 (22)

1.29 (0.78 to 2.15)

0.32

0%

 Adults

915 (11)

1.24 (0.64 to 2.38)

0.53

0%

 Pediatric

773 (8)

2.35 (0.89 to 6.20)

0.08

0%

 Mixed

556 (3)

0.11 (0.01 to 2.03)

Not estimable

NA

Pro

 Distress^c

763 (7)

− 0.18 (− 0.34 to − 0.03)

0.02

8%

 FOH^b

403 (5)

− 2·35(− 5·21 to 0·51)

0.11

45%

 Satisfactionª

569 (6)

0.00 (− 3.10 to 3.10)

0.83

79%

% Time (< 54 mg/dl)^a

 Overall

1917 (19)

− 0.14 (− 0.22 to − 0.07)

 < 0.001

77%

 Adults

842 (10)

− 0.23 (− 0·37 to − 0·10)

 < 0.001

85%

 Pediatric

577 (6)

− 0·03 (− 0·09 to − 0·03)

0.32

0%

 Mixed

498(3)

− 0.15 (− 0.31 to 0.02)

0.08

83%

% Time (< 70 mg/dl)^a

 Overall

2499 (24)

− 0.65 (− 1.05 to − 0.26)

0.001

95%

 Adults

907 (11)

− 0.82 (− 1·43 to − 0·21)

0.008

96%

 Pediatric

706 (8)

− 0.14 (− 0.41 to 0.68)

0.62

83%

 Mixed

886 (5)

− 1.39 (− 2·17 to − 0·60)

 < 0.001

92%

% Time (> 250 mg/dl)^a

 Overall

1731 (16)

− 4.46 (− 5.79 to − 3.14)

 < 0.001

93%

 Adults

769 (9)

− 3.51 (− 4.97 to − 2.05)

 < 0.001

90%

 Pediatric

464 (4)

− 6.63 (− 8.14 to − 4.92)

0.009

32%

 Mixed

498 (3)

− 4.24 (− 9.16 to 0.67)

0.09

97%

Nocturnal hypoglycaemia^a

 Overall

1661 (17)

− 1.28 (− 1.76 to − 0.79)

 < 0.001

84%

 Adults

717 (9)

− 1.03 (− 1.70 to − 0.36)

0.003

87%

 Pediatric

474 (6)

− 1.18 (− 1.91 to − 0·45)

0.002

55%

 Mixed

470 (2)

− 3.17 (− 7.37 to 1.03)

0.14

96%

CV^a

 Overall

2197 (23)

− 1.09 (− 1.80 to − 0.39)

 < 0.001

81%

 Adults

907 (11)

− 1.74 (− 2.79 to − 0.70)

0.002

83%

 Pediatric

706 (8)

0.33 (− 0.88 to 1.55)

0.88

77%

 Mixed

584 (4)

− 1.81 (− 3.38 to − 0·25)

0.02

82%