Table 2 Baseline quantitative characteristics of included studies

Abraham [26]

67/68

55/57

15.2 ± 3.3/15.4 ± 3.0

24

Parallel

8.0 ± 1.0 (64 ± 10)/7.9 ± 1.0 (63 ± 11)

7.9 ± 4.2/7.6 ± 3.4

0.7 ± 0.8/0.7 ± 0.7^c

0.8 ± 0.2/0.9 ± 1.2

ADAPT (Choudhary [27])

41/41

54/39

41.5 ± 11.63/39.7 ± 13.12

24

Parallel

9.0 ± 1.0 (75.7 ± 7.83)/9.1 ± 0.7 (74.9 ± 10.64)

18.8 ± 11.4/18.1 ± 10.0

27.0 ± 4.4/25.8 ± 4.9

54.3 ± 25.9/53.3 ± 22.3^e

APCam11 (Tauschmann [28])

46/40

48/55

22 (13–36)/21 (11–36)^a

12

Parallel

8.3 ± 0.6(68 ± 7)/8.2 ± 0.5 (66 ± 5)

13 (7–20)/10 (7–19)^a

28 ± 4)/27 ± 3

0.76 ± 0.25/0.69 ± 0.8

AP@home (Thabit [29])^b

33/ 25

45/44

40.0 ± 9.4/12.0 ± 3.4

12

Crossover

8.5 ± 0.7 (69 ± 7)/8.1 ± 0.9 (65 ± 10)

20.9 ± 9.3/4.7 ± 2.6

25.5 ± 4.4/18.9 ± 3.5

0.62 ± 0.15/0.89 ± 0.24

Boughton [30]

20/17

40/47

68(63–70)/67 (62–70)^a

16

Crossover

7.5 ± 1.0 (57 ± 10)/7.4 ± 0.9 (58 ± 10)

38 (32–48)/38 (32–48)^a

28.2 (25.4–31.7)/27.4 (24.9–38.5)^a

45·8 (38.3–51.1)/40·0 (35·4–62·4)^e

Brown [31]

54/55

52/45

32 ± 14/34 ± 17

13

Parallel

7.0 ± 0.8 (54 ± 8.5)/7.1 ± 0.8 (54 ± 8.4)

18 ± 8.3/16 ± 7.3

26 (23, 30)/25 (23, 29)^a

0.59 (0.49, 0.86)/0·68 (0.46, 0.93)^a

Burnside [32]

44/53

52/48

26.59 ± 14.33/23.29 ± 17.51

24

Parallel

7.55 (60.0 ± 13.7)/7.65 (62.1 ± 9.1)^f

15.20 ± 13.42/12.33 ± 11.82

24.40 ± 5.86/23.67 ± 6.42

44.6 ± 16.17/43.01 ± 17.36

DAN05 (Ware [33], Hood [46]

65/68

57/57

13.1 ± 2.6/12.8 ± 2.9

24

Parallel

8.2 ± 0.7 (66 ± 8)/8.3 ± 0.8 (67 ± 8)^c

6.3 ± 3.3/6.6 ± 3.1

0.35 ± 0.86/0.58 ± 0.89^c

0.93 ± 0.23/0.95 ± 0.24

DAN06 (Boughton [34])

51/46

49/39

12 ± 2/12 ± 2

96

Parallel

10.7 ± 1.8 (93 ± 18)/10.5 ± 1.6 (94 ± 20)

NA

53 ± 29/51 ± 34^g

0.87 ± 0.33/0.82 ± 0.38

DCPL3 (Brown [35], Kudva [47])

112/56

48/54

33 ± 16/33 ± 17

24

Parallel

7.4 ± 1.0/7.4 ± 0.8

17 (8, 28)/15 (7, 23)^a

25 (23, 29)/25 (22, 28)^a

46 (31, 62)/45 (35, 61)^{a, e}

DCLP4 (Pinsker 2022) [36])

18/16

36·8/56·3

41 ± 16/37 ± 15

13

Crossover

6.9 ± 1.0

18 (12, 29)^a

28 ± 5

NA

DCLP5 (Breton [37], Cobry [48])

78/23

49/52

11.3 ± 2.0/10.8 ± 2.4

16

Parallel

7.7 ± 1.1/8.0 ± 1.1

5.0 ± 2.8/6.0 ± 2.8

0.4 ± 1·0/0.5 ± 1·0^c

0.89 ± 0.24/0.94 ± 0.24

DIABELOOP WP7 (Benhamou [38])

32/31

62

48.2 ± 13.4

12

Crossover

7.6 ± 0.9 (59.4 ± 9.8)

28.0 ± 13.6

24.8 ± 3.5

36.3 ± 8.9^e

iDCL (Kovatchev [39])

65/62

49/45

33 ± 16/32 ± 14

12

Parallel

7.4 ± 0.9 (57 ± 9.8)/7.4 ± 0.8 (57 ± 8.7)

19 (7, 27)/16 (11, 27)^a

27 (24, 31)/25 (23, 29)^a

0.73 ± 0.22/0.68 ± 0.25

Garg [40]

151/151

47/62

39.9 ± 19.8/35.7 ± 18.4

24

Parallel

8.2 ± 1.3/8.1 ± 1.2

21.5 ± 13.6/19.6 ± 13.1

26.8 ± 5.8/27.0 ± 6.9

NA

Matejko [7]

20/17

40/47·1

39.8 ± 8.3/40.9 ± 7.8

12

Parallel

7.05 ± 0.8 (54 ± 9)/7.4 ± 1.2 (57 ± 13)

17.1 ± 12.2/17.6 ± 12.2

24.5 ± 3.3/25.6 ± 2.64

NA

McAuley 2020 [41]

61/59

54/53

43.7 ± 11.7/44.7 ± 11.8

26

Parallel

7.4 ± 0.9 (62 ± 12)/7.5 ± 0·8 (61 ± 10)

24.0 ± 12.0/24.1 ± 12.5

26.8 ± 5.3/26.0 ± 4.0

0.51 (0.41, 0.63)/0.54 (0.45, 0.66)^a

ORACL (McAuley [42])

15/15

63

67 ± 5

16

Crossover

7.6 ± 0.9 (58 ± 7)

38 (20–47)^a

27.6 (26.4–31.0)^a

0.55 (0.41–0.66)^a

PEDAP trial (Wadwa [43])

68/34

49/56

3.84 ± 1.23/4.06 ± 1.25

13

Parallel

7.5 ± 1.2/7.7 ± 0.9

1.04 (0.71·1.85)/1.40 (0.91,2·11)

81 (57,94)/77 (56,9)^g

0.66 ± 0.17/0.66 ± 0.23

Reiss [44]

21/21

40/47

14–17

24

Parallel

8.7/ 8.45^f

NA

NA

NA

Russell [11]

147/72

49/38

28 ± 19/28 ± 20

13

Parallel

7.9 ± 1.2/7.7 ± 1·1

16 ± 14/18 ± 15

28.9 ± 5.5/29.1 ± 6.9

0.75 (0.57, 1.00)/0.75 (0.56, 0.94)^a

Ware [45]

39/35

54/29

5.6 ± 1.4/5.6 ± 1.7

16

Crossover

7.3 ± 0.7 (56.3 ± 7.4)/7.4 ± 0.6 (57 ± 7.1)

2.5 ± 1.7/2.7 ± 1.9

67.3 ± 23.2/71.1 ± 24.6^g

0.76 (0.67–0.83)/0.77 (0.69–0.86)^a