Table 2 Demographic and clinical data of all subjects

Clinical characteristics

 Male (%)

50

53

40

55

 Age (years)

59.2 ± 9.3

63.6 ± 8.1

69.7 ± 6.9

67.2 ± 12.8

 BMI (kg/m²)

24.9 ± 2.8

24.9 ± 3.8

28.7 ± 4.1

25.5 ± 3.3^#

 SBP (mmHg)

132.3 ± 15.2

147.2 ± 19.9

151.9 ± 21.8

135.4 ± 16.1^#

 Heart rate (bpm)

72.0 ± 9.5

73.6 ± 9.5

75.5 ± 11.8

77.6 ± 12.5

 FBG (mmol/L)

5.3 ± 0.7

7.4 ± 2.1

9.2 ± 2.3*

7.4 ± 2.1^#

 HbA1c (%)

5.8 ± 0.6

6.9 ± 1.2

8.6 ± 1.4*

7.5 ± 0.9^#

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.4 ± 1.2

4.5 ± 1.6

4.1 ± 1.0

3.9 ± 1.3

 TG (mmol/L)

1.7 ± 1.1

1.9 ± 1.4

1.7 ± 1.1

1.7 ± 1.0

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.6 ± 0.9

2.7 ± 0.9

2.2 ± 1.0

2.1 ± 0.8

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.1 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.2

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

92.0 ± 11.5

90.2 ± 12.1

70.4 ± 22.5*

95.2 ± 25.6^#

 NT-proBNP (pg/mL)

92.6 ± 85.5

100.3 ± 74.6

1095.0 ± 910.4*

294.5 ± 391.9^#

Echocardiographic parameters

 LVMI (g/m²)

92.6 ± 19.5

99.1 ± 27.0

115.4 ± 38.3

104.8 ± 27.9^#

 LVEDD (mm)

46.9 ± 5.2

48.4 ± 4.2

49.9 ± 7.8

48.8 ± 8.3

 LVESD (mm)

30.4 ± 3.5

31.6 ± 4.2

33.9 ± 7.1

34.5 ± 9.9

 IVSD (mm)

9.7 ± 1.7

10.1 ± 2.8

10.1 ± 2.3

11.0 ± 1.6

 LVPWT (mm)

9.7 ± 0.7

9.5 ± 0.8

10.2 ± 1.4

9.8 ± 1.6

 LA (mm)

34.3 ± 3.4

36.4 ± 4.5

40.4 ± 5.1*

39.2 ± 4.7

 LVEF (%)

64.6 ± 5.5

63.4 ± 7.3

60.5 ± 9.4

60.6 ± 7.8

 E/e'

9.2 ± 2.6

10.1 ± 2.8

12.8 ± 3.7*

10.7 ± 2.5^#

 E/A

0.9 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.4

0.8 ± 0.3