Table 1 Characteristics of the Participants According to History of Pregnancy Loss (N = 4873)
Pregnancy loss | Induced abortion | Miscarriage | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | No (n = 2744) | Yes (n = 2129) | 0 (n = 2968) | 1 (n = 1280) | ≥ 2 (n = 625) | 0 (n = 4342) | 1 (n = 414) | ≥ 2 (n = 117) | ||
Age, y | ||||||||||
< 35 | 2555(93.1) | 1691(79.4) | 2751(92.7) | 1077(84.1) | 418(66.9) | 3808(87.7) | 350(84.5) | 88(75.2) | ||
≥ 35 | 189(6.9) | 438(20.6) | 217(7.3) | 203(15.9) | 307(33.1) | 534(12.3) | 64(15.5) | 29(24.8) | ||
Education level, y | ||||||||||
< 12 | 1940(70.7) | 1698(79.8) | 2104(70.9) | 1011(79.0) | 523(83.7) | 3226(74.3) | 324(78.3) | 88(75.2) | ||
≥ 12 | 804(29.3) | 431(20.2) | 864(29.1) | 269(21.0) | 102(16.3) | 1116(25.7) | 90(21.7) | 29(24.8) | ||
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||||||
< 18.5 | 408(14.9) | 230(10.8) | 428(14.4) | 155(12.1) | 55(8.8) | 585(13.5) | 44(10.6) | 9(7.7) | ||
18.5–24.9 | 2063(75.2) | 1595(74.9) | 2235(75.3) | 950(74.2) | 473(75.7) | 3262(75.1) | 307(74.2) | 89(76.1) | ||
≥ 25 | 273(9.9) | 304(14.3) | 305(10.3) | 175(13.7) | 97(15.5) | 495(11.4) | 63(15.2) | 19(16.2) | ||
Parity | ||||||||||
Nulliparous | 1759(64.1) | 33(1.6) | 1772(59.7) | 9(0.7) | 11(1.8) | 1774(40.9) | 11(2.7) | 7(6.0) | ||
Multiparous | 985(35.9) | 2096(98.4) | 1196(40.3) | 1271(99.3) | 614(98.2) | 2568(59.1) | 403(97.3) | 110(94.0) | ||
Family history of diabetes | ||||||||||
Yes | 225(8.2) | 243(11.4) | 245(8.3) | 136(10.6) | 87(13.9) | 402(9.3) | 51(12.3) | 15(12.8) | ||
No | 2519(91.8) | 1886(88.6) | 2723(91.7) | 1144(89.4) | 538(86.1) | 3940(90.7) | 363(87.7) | 102(87.2) | ||
FPG, mmol/L | 4.52 ± 0.45 | 4.58 ± 0.46 | 4.52 ± 0.44 | 4.58 ± 0.45 | 4.61 ± 0.48 | 4.54 ± 0.45 | 4.58 ± 0.45 | 4.58 ± 0.42 | ||
1 h-PG, mmol/L | 7.22 ± 1.67 | 7.59 ± 1.74 | 7.32 ± 1.62 | 7.54 ± 1.73 | 7.82 ± 1.81 | 7.42 ± 1.68 | 7.63 ± 1.77 | 7.61 ± 1.57 | ||
2 h-PG, mmol/L | 6.32 ± 1.22 | 6.60 ± 1.31 | 6.38 ± 1.21 | 6.55 ± 1.30 | 6.69 ± 1.35 | 6.44 ± 1.25 | 6.65 ± 1.31 | 6.68 ± 1.19 | ||
GDM | ||||||||||
Yes | 404(14.7) | 437(20.5) | 431(14.5) | 260(20.3) | 150(24.0) | 730(16.8) | 89(21.5) | 22(18.8) | ||
No | 2340(85.3) | 1692(79.5) | 2537(85.5) | 1020(79.7) | 475(76.0) | 3612(83.2) | 325(78.5) | 95(81.2) | ||