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Table 2 Clinical and laboratory parameters before, during, and 1 year after COVID-19 recovery

From: Influence of time factor and albuminuria on characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus before, during and 1 year after COVID-19 recoveryAuthors and affiliations:

Parameter

Before

During

After

F-value

P-value

Partial η2

Body weight (kg)

86.4 ± 8.3 a

87.9 ± 8.7 b

89.5 ± 8.5 c

148.932

< 0.001*

0.645

BMI (kg/m2)

29.4 ± 3.4 a

29.9 ± 3.6 b

30.3 ± 3.4 c

63.441

< 0.001*

0.436

SBP (mmHg)

134.9 ± 8.3 a

131.9 ± 9 b

134 ± 9.3 a, b

5.109

0.009*

0.059

DBP (mmHg)

84.6 ± 5.8 a

81.4 ± 5.5 b

84.8 ± 7.6 a

9.363

< 0.001*

0.102

MAP (mmHg)

101.4 ± 6.1 a

98.2 ± 6.1 b

101.2 ± 7.6 a

9.458

< 0.001*

0.103

ESR (mm/h)

12.6 ± 3.9 a

58.2 ± 15.7 b

25.4 ± 7.8 c

513.902

< 0.001*

0.862

CRP (mg/L)

7.6 ± 1.8 a

61.6 ± 28.8 b

16.2 ± 6.9 c

259.125

< 0.001*

0.760

Ferritin (ng/mL)

51.8 ± 24.2 a

220.4 ± 76.2 b

113.2 ± 25.7 c

369.308

< 0.001*

0.818

WBCs count (× 109/L)

6.36 ± 1.6 a

7.57 ± 3.3 b

6.5 ± 1.9 a

11.706

< 0.001*

0.125

ANC (× 103/mcL)

3.89 ± 1.1 a

6.15 ± 3.3 b

3.6 ± 1.2 a

51.151

< 0.001*

0.384

Polymorphs %

61.1 ± 6.4 a

78.6 ± 12.9 b

55.5 ± 9.6 c

149.593

< 0.001*

0.646

Lymphocyte %

30.1 ± 6.7 a

14.5 ± 11.4 b

33.3 ± 7.8 c

140.059

< 0.001*

0.631

NLR

2.18 ± 0.69 a

10.25 ± 7.8 b

1.85 ± 0.85 c

91.906

< 0.001*

0.528

dNLR

1.64 ± 0.4 a

5.4 ± 3.5 b

1.36 ± 0.58 c

101.677

< 0.001*

0.554

RBCs count(million/mcL)

4.92 ± 0.58 a, b

4.86 ± 0.65 a

5.08 ± 0.58 b

4.842

0.025*

0.056

Hemoglobin (gm/dL)

13.4 ± 1.7

13.2 ± 1.8

13.2 ± 1.2

1.192

0.286

0.014

Hematocrit (%)

39.5 ± 5.2

38.8 ± 5.2

39.8 ± 3.5

2.014

0.157

0.024

RDW (%)

12.2 ± 1.3 a

14.2 ± 1.7 b

13.9 ± 1.6 b

58.886

< 0.001*

0.418

Platelet count (×10³/ mcL)

235 ± 89 a

295 ± 133 b

257 ± 59 c

21.907

< 0.001*

0.211

Serum calcium(mg/dL)

9.88 ± 0.76 a

9.04 ± 0.50 b

9.23 ± 0.62 c

92.910

< 0.001*

0.531

Serum magnesium(mg/dL)

2.03 ± 0.17 a

2.02 ± 0.19 a

2.16 ± 0.19 b

33.720

< 0.001*

0.291

Serum phosphorus(mg/dL)

3.7 ± 0.57 a

4.5 ± 0.52 b

4.06 ± 0.55 c

107.950

< 0.001*

0.568

ALT(IU/L)

29.7 ± 10.2 a

75.4 ± 28.8 b

49.4 ± 19.9 c

225.647

< 0.001*

0.733

AST(IU/L)

25.8 ± 9.05 a

66.4 ± 27.1 b

55.2 ± 22.4 c

198.249

< 0.001*

0.707

GGT(IU/L)

42.6 ± 13.3 a

87 ± 30 b

69.7 ± 22.7 c

229.646

< 0.001*

0.737

Serum bilirubin(mg/dL)

1.09 ± 0.14

0.99 ± 0.22

1.0 ± 0.15

0.556

0.543

0.007

Serum albumin(g/dL)

4.2 ± 0.26

4.3 ± 0.38

4.3 ± 0.53

1.334

0.263

0.016

ALP(IU/L)

63 ± 21.1 a

97.6 ± 28.5 b

85.9 ± 27.4 c

171.482

< 0.001*

0.677

BUN (mg/dL)

15.5 ± 4.1 a

26.9 ± 3.8 b

22.8 ± 4.6 c

343.564

< 0.001*

0.807

Serum creatinine(mg/dL)

1.09 ± 0.12 a

1.22 ± 0.18 b

1.07 ± 0.19 a

49.030

< 0.001*

0.374

eGFR (ml/ min/1.73 m²)

71.2 ± 14.8 a

63.3 ± 15.4 b

74.2 ± 19.6 a

28.213

< 0.001*

0.256

Urine ACR (mg/g)

57.9 ± 43.9 a

108.3 ± 65.9 b

81.4 ± 51.2 c

142.427

< 0.001*

0.635

VitaminD3 (ng/mL)

21 ± 5 a

24.5 ± 7.5 b

37.3 ± 7.6 c

241.231

< 0.001*

0.746

Intact PTH (pg/mL)

54.8 ± 25 a

60 ± 26.8 b

56.5 ± 25.6 a

13.077

< 0.001*

0.138

HbA1c (%)

7.02 ± 0.41 a

7.4 ± 0.5 b

8.4 ± 0.47 c

376.968

< 0.001*

0.821

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

215.7 ± 34.8

206.4 ± 37.4

210 ± 31.4

3.303

0.071*

0.039

Triglycerides(mg/dL)

266.7 ± 61.7 a

278.2 ± 79.7 b

215.2 ± 58.5 c

27.055

< 0.001*

0.248

HDL-C(mg/dL)

42.4 ± 7.1 a

39.4 ± 7 b

43.1 ± 9.2 c

5.698

0.016*

0.065

LDL-C(mg/dL)

119.3 ± 31.6 a

110.3 ± 34.4 b

125 ± 29.4 a

8.563

0.004*

0.095

VLDL (mg/dL)

51.1 ± 15.4 a

56 ± 17.2 b

42.7 ± 11.2 c

26.057

< 0.001*

0.241

TG/HDL-C ratio

6.5 ± 2.2 a

7.3 ± 2.6 b

5.3 ± 2 c

21.376

< 0.001*

0.207

Serum uric acid(mg/dL)

6.8 ± 0.87 a

7.8 ± 1.4 b

6.2 ± 1.0 c

93.143

< 0.001*

0.532

  1. ¶ Test of significance: One-Way Repeated-Measures ANOVA. † body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP&DBP), Mean arterial blood pressure (Mean ABP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBCs), Absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), red blood cells (RBCs), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin/ creatinine ratio (urine ACR), intact parathyroid hormone (Intact PTH), glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio. *Pairwise comparisons are represented in letters; a, b &c (similar letters = insignificant difference, while different letters = significant difference); p ≤ 0.05. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons.
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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