Evaluating glucose variability through OGTT in early pregnancy and its association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in non-diabetic pregnancies: a large-scale multi-center retrospective study

Tano, Sho; Kotani, Tomomi; Ushida, Takafumi; Yoshihara, Masato; Imai, Kenji; Nakamura, Noriyuki; Iitani, Yukako; Moriyama, Yoshinori; Emoto, Ryo; Kato, Sawako; Yoshida, Shigeru; Yamashita, Mamoru; Kishigami, Yasuyuki; Oguchi, Hidenori; Matsui, Shigeyuki; Kajiyama, Hiroaki

doi:10.1186/s13098-023-01103-z

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and perinatal outcomes

From: Evaluating glucose variability through OGTT in early pregnancy and its association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in non-diabetic pregnancies: a large-scale multi-center retrospective study

	Overall cohort		Standardized mean difference^¶	PS matched cohort		Standardized mean difference^¶
	screening positive	Screening negative		Screening positive	Screening negative
	n = 802	n = 26,193		n = 798	n = 798
Maternal age, years	32.9 ± 5.1	31.5 ± 4.9	0.27	32.9 ± 5.1	33.0 ± 4.9	0.02
Pre-pregnant BMI, kg/m²	22.5 ± 4.3	20.9 ± 3.1	0.37	22.5 ± 4.3	22.3 ± 3.8	0.05
Overweight	163 (20.3)	2,207 (8.4)	0.40	159 (19.9)	151 (18.9)	0.03
Underweight	90 (11.2)	4,615 (17.6)	0.17	90 (11.3)	78 (9.8)	0.05
Primiparity	355 (44.3)	11,707 (44.7)	0.01	355 (45.5)	340 (42.6)	0.06
ART	108 (13.5)	1,584 (6.0)	0.30	107 (13.4)	107 (13.4)	0.00
Current smoker	10 (2.1)	322 (1.2)	0.07	10 (2.1)	9 (1.4)	0.05
GDM	433 (54.0)	730 (2.8)	2.34	430 (53.9)	23 (3.3)	1.10
GA at the 75 g-OGTT, weeks	13.5 ± 1.7			13.5 ± 1.7
FPG, mg/dL	89.2 ± 10.0			89.2 ± 10.0
1-h-PG, mg/dL	148.6 ± 31.9			148.5 ± 31.9
2-h-PG, mg/dL	131.3 ± 27.2			131.1 ± 27.2
Initial-increase, mg/dL	59.3 ± 31.3			59.3 ± 31.3
Subsequent-decrease, mg/dL	17.3 ± 26.6			17.3 ± 26.6
HDP	115 (14.3)	1,968 (7.5)	0.25	114 (14.3)	74 (9.3)	0.16
EoHDP	25 (3.1)	700 (2.7)	0.02	24 (3.0)	31 (3.9)	0.05
LoHDP	90 (11.2)	1,267 (4.8)	0.28	90 (11.3)	42 (5.3)	0.22
Stillbirth ≥ 20 weeks	4 (0.5)	146 (0.6)	0.01	4 (0.5)	5 (0.6)	0.01
GA at delivery, weeks	39.3 ± 1.7	39.3 ± 1.9	0.00 00	39.3 ± 1.7	39.2 ± 2.1	0.06
Neonatal sex, male	409 (51.0)	12,118 (46.3)	0.09	405 (51.3)	402 (52.3)	0.02
Birthweight, g	3,084 ± 459	3,028 ± 453	0.12	3,084 ± 459	3,032 ± 490	0.11
Large for gestational age	126 (15.7)	2,722 (10.4)	0.17	125 (15.7)	117 (14.8)	0.03
Small for gestational age	50 (6.2)	1,795 (6.9)	0.03	50 (6.3)	48 (6.1)	0.01
Placental weight, g	592.5 ± 114.3	584.2 ± 114.7	0.07	592.2 ± 114.4	592.4 ± 113.5	0.00

Bold values represent statistically significant
Continuous variables were represented as mean ± standard division. Categorical variables were represented as n (%)
^¶Differences of ≥ 0.1 represent meaningful differences in covariates between groups (Bold)
PS propensity score, RBG random blood glucose levels, BMI body mass index, ART assisted reproductive technology, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, GA gestational age, wks weeks of gestation, OGTT oral glucose challenge test, HDP hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, EoHDP early-onset HDP, LoHDP late-onset HDP

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