Table 1 Basic characteristics of the study population by maternal body mass index(BMI) change Quartile
Variable | Overall | BMI change Quartile | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total(n = 10,486) | Q1(n = 2622) | Q2(n = 2620) | Q3(n = 2622) | Q4(n = 2622) | ||
Maternal age(years) | 31.2 ± 4.6 | 32.3 ± 4.6 | 31.6 ± 4.6 | 31.0 ± 4.6 | 29.9 ± 4.5 | < 0.001 |
Employment | < 0.001 | |||||
Employed | 6177 (58.9) | 1621 (61.8) | 1625 (62) | 1528 (58.3) | 1403 (53.5) | |
Unemployed | 4309 (41.1) | 1001 (38.2) | 995 (38) | 1094 (41.7) | 1219 (46.5) | |
Education level | < 0.001 | |||||
Unversitiy and above,(%) | 2524 (24.1) | 776 (29.6) | 683 (26.1) | 623 (23.8) | 442 (16.9) | |
Blow unverisity,(%) | 1846 (70.4) | 1937 (73.9) | 1999 (76.2) | 2180 (83.1) | 1846 (70.4) | |
Maternal Height(cm) | 159.7 ± 5.0 | 160.0 ± 5.3 | 159.6 ± 4.8 | 159.6 ± 4.9 | 159.3 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
Pre-pregnancy Weight(kg) | 55.3 ± 8.5 | 59.2 ± 9.5 | 55.0 ± 8.0 | 53.9 ± 7.8 | 53.0 ± 7.1 | < 0.001 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI(kg/m2) | 21.7 ± 3.1 | 23.1 ± 3.5 | 21.6 ± 2.9 | 21.1 ± 2.8 | 20.9 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 |
Underweight(BMI < 18.5)(%) | 1399 (13.3) | 184 (7) | 352 (13.4) | 412 (15.7) | 451 (17.2) | |
Normal weight(BMI 18.5 ~ 23.9)(%) | 7021 (67.0) | 1500 (57.2) | 1790 (68.3) | 1853 (70.7) | 1878 (71.6) | |
Overweight or Obesity(BMI ≥ 24.0)(%) | 2066 (19.7) | 938 (35.8) | 478 (18.2) | 357 (13.6) | 293 (11.2) | |
Oral glucose tolerance test | ||||||
Fasting plasma glucose level(mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 2.8 | 5.9 ± 3.7 | 5.5 ± 2.6 | 5.4 ± 2.5 | 5.4 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 |
1 h plasma glucose level(mmol/L) | 10.3 ± 2.3 | 10.5 ± 2.2 | 10.3 ± 2.3 | 10.2 ± 2.2 | 10.2 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
2 h plasma glucose level(mmol/L) | 8.6 ± 2.0 | 8.9 ± 2.0 | 8.6 ± 2.0 | 8.5 ± 1.9 | 8.3 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 |
Gravidity | < 0.001 | |||||
1 | 3644 (34.8) | 740 (28.2) | 849 (32.4) | 952 (36.3) | 1103 (42.1) | |
2 | 3122 (29.8) | 855 (32.6) | 815 (31.1) | 743 (28.3) | 709 (27) | |
≥ 3 | 3720 (35.5) | 1027 (39.2) | 956 (36.5) | 927 (35.4) | 810 (30.9) | |
Parity | < 0.001 | |||||
Primiparity,(%) | 5409 (51.6) | 1134 (43.2) | 1282 (48.9) | 1363 (52) | 1630 (62.2) | |
Multiparity,(%) | 5077 (48.4) | 1488 (56.8) | 1338 (51.1) | 1259 (48) | 992 (37.8) | |
Delivery | ||||||
Maternal Weight at delivery(kg) | 67.9 ± 8.6 | 66.4 ± 9.2 | 66.3 ± 8.2 | 67.8 ± 8.2 | 71.1 ± 8.0 | < 0.001 |
Total gestational weight gain(kg) | 12.6 ± 4.4 | 7.2 ± 2.3 | 11.2 ± 1.0 | 13.9 ± 1.2 | 18.1 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 38.64 ± 1.50 | 38.30 ± 1.84 | 38.60 ± 1.44 | 38.74 ± 1.31 | 38.92 ± 1.29 | < 0.001 |
Birth weight (g) | 3299.7 ± 464.1 | 3184.4 ± 499.1 | 3286.6 ± 449.9 | 3336.7 ± 434.5 | 3391.1 ± 445.1 | < 0.001 |
Gestational weight gain category (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
As recommended | 5197 (49.6) | 1320 (50.3) | 2254 (86) | 1512 (57.7) | 111 (4.2) | |
Below recommended | 1385 (13.2) | 1285 (49) | 99 (3.8) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Above recommend | 3904 (37.2) | 17 (0.6) | 267 (10.2) | 1109 (42.3) | 2511 (95.8) | |