Table 2 Multivariable-adjusted means of glucolipid metabolic markers by diabetes status and sex
| Â | Females | Males | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | No diabetes | Prediabetes | Undiagnosed diabetes | Diagnosed diabetes | No diabetes | Prediabetes | Undiagnosed diabetes | Diagnosed diabetes |
CRP, mg/dL | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.6 ± 0.03 | 0.7 ± 0.07 | 0.7 ± 0.04 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.02 | 0.6 ± 0.06 | 0.5 ± 0.04 |
HbA1c, % | 5.2 ± 0.01 | 5.8 ± 0.02 | 7.3 ± 0.04 | 7.4 ± 0.02 | 5.3 ± 0.01 | 5.7 ± 0.01 | 7.4 ± 0.04 | 7.5 ± 0.02 |
HbA1c, mmol/mol | 33.7 ± 0.10 | 39.7 ± 0.17 | 56.4 ± 0.45 | 57.6 ± 0.24 | 33.9 ± 0.1 | 39.1 ± 0.16 | 56.9 ± 0.39 | 58.4 ± 0.24 |
Insulin, pmol/L | 65.6 ± 1.34 | 85.8 ± 2.11 | 111.8 ± 5.70 | 124.6 ± 3.29 | 71.4 ± 1.97 | 84.0 ± 2.67 | 108.3 ± 7.14 | 126.8 ± 4.56 |
 C-peptide (nmol/L) | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 1.0 ± 0.02 | 1.1 ± 0.04 | 1.0 ± 0.02 | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 1.0 ± 0.02 | 1.1 ± 0.04 | 1.1 ± 0.03 |
HOMA-IR index | 2.0 ± 0.05 | 3.1 ± 0.07 | 6.0 ± 0.20 | 5.5 ± 0.12 | 2.2 ± 0.10 | 2.9 ± 0.13 | 6.0 ± 0.35 | 6.3 ± 0.24 |
Glucose, mmol/L | 4.9 ± 0.02 | 5.5 ± 0.03 | 8.2 ± 0.09 | 8.4 ± 0.05 | 5.0 ± 0.02 | 5.6 ± 0.03 | 8.4 ± 0.08 | 8.7 ± 0.05 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.01 | 1.4 ± 0.01 | 1.3 ± 0.02 | 1.3 ± 0.01 | 1.3 ± 0.01 | 1.2 ± 0.01 | 1.2 ± 0.02 | 1.2 ± 0.01 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.0 ± 0.02 | 3.1 ± 0.03 | 3.0 ± 0.07 | 2.7 ± 0.04 | 3.0 ± 0.02 | 3.1 ± 0.02 | 3.0 ± 0.07 | 2.6 ± 0.04 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.4 ± 0.01 | 1.6 ± 0.03 | 2.0 ± 0.07 | 2.1 ± 0.04 | 1.7 ± 0.02 | 1.8 ± 0.03 | 2.4 ± 0.08 | 2.2 ± 0.05 |
TC, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 0.01 | 5.2 ± 0.02 | 5.1 ± 0.06 | 4.9 ± 0.03 | 5.0 ± 0.01 | 5.1 ± 0.02 | 5.1 ± 0.05 | 4.6 ± 0.03 |