Table 1 Characteristics of included RCTs
Study ID | Country | Sample size, n | Intervention | Comparator | Co‐intervention | Age(y) | Duration | Population | Baseline BMI (kg/m2) | Outcome evaluation | Included outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B. Gaborit 2021 | France | 26/25 | Empaglifozin 10 mg qd | Placebo | None | 57.0 ± 10.1/58.6 ± 9.2 | 12 weeks | T2DM | 33.7 ± 3.8/34.7 ± 7.1 | MRI | VAT, EAT, liver fat |
Masaya Koshizaka 2021 | Japan | 15/14 | Ipragliflozin 50 mg qd | Metformin 500 mg qd | None | 68.7 ± 2.4/69.4 ± 2.9 | 24 weeks | T2DM | 26.8 ± 3.8/27.1 ± 3.9 | CT | VAT |
Eugene Han 2020 | Korea | 29/15 | Ipragliflozin 50 mg qd | Placebo | Metformin + pioglitazone | 52.5 ± 10.3/56.7 ± 11.8 | 24 weeks | T2DM and NAFLD | 30.4 ± 5.4/30.2 ± 2.5 | CT | VAT, SAT, liver fat |
Alexander J.M. Brown 2020 | United Kingdom | 31/34 | Dapaglilflozin 10 mg qd | Placebo | None | 64.3 ± 7.0/66.7 ± 6.6 | 48 weeks | T2DM | 32.3 ± 4.7/32.6 ± 4.2 | MRI | VAT, SAT |
Gianluca Iacobellis 2020 | USA | 42/42 | Dapagliflozin 10 mg qd | Placebo | Metformin | 52 ± 9/51 ± 11 | 24 weeks | T2DM | 36.6 ± 7.8/34.7 ± 6 | Echocardiography | EAT |
Tomoe Kinoshita 2020 | Japan | 32/33 | Dapagliflozin 5 mg qd | Glimepiride 1 mg qd | None | 58.7 ± 1.6/58.0 ± 2.3 | 28 weeks | T2DM and NAFLD | 29.5 ± 0.8/28.4 ± 0.7 | CT | VAT |
Rory J. McCrimmon 2020 | United Kingdom | 90/88 | Canagliflozin 300 mg qd | Semaglutide 1.0 mg qw | None | 58.6 ± 10.1/57.8 ± 9.9 | 52 weeks | T2DM | 32.3 ± 5.5/32.6 ± 6.4 | DXA | VAT |
Shintaro Sakurai 2020 | Japan | 31/18 | Empagliflozin 10 mg qd | Standard treatment without SGLT2 inhibitors | None | 58.6 ± 12.9/58.6 ± 12.2 | 12 weeks | T2DM | 27.2 ± 5.7/28.4 ± 6.6 | BIA | VAT |
Aino Latva-Rasku 2019 | Finland | 15/16 | Dapagliflozin 10 mg qd | Placebo | None | 60 ± 7.4/62 ± 8.4 | 8 weeks | T2DM | 32.1 ± 3.9/31.7 ± 5.0 | MRI | VAT, SAT |
Daisuke Ito 2017 | Japan | 32/34 | Ipragliflozin 50 mg qd | Pioglitazone 30 mg qd | None | 57.3 ± 12.1/59.1 ± 9.8 | 24 weeks | T2DM and NAFLD | 30.7 ± 5.0/29.9 ± 6.2 | CT | VAT, SAT |
Yukihiro Bando 2017 | Japan | 37/21 | Ipragliflozin 50 mg qd | Standard treatment without SGLT2 inhibitors | None | 54.8 ± 9.3/55.4 ± 7.5 | 12 weeks | T2DM | 27.8 ± 3.9/27.3 ± 3.1 | CT | VAT, SCT |
Takashi Shibuya 2017 | Japan | 16/16 | Luseogliflozin 2.5 mg qd | Metformin 1500 mg qd | None | 53.5 ± 12.2/59.6 ± 10.6 | 24 weeks | T2DM and NAFLD | 27.6 ± 2.0/28.1 ± 5.8 | CT | VFA |
Masanori Shimizu 2019 | Japan | 33/24 | Dapagliflozin 5 mg qd | Standard treatment without SGLT2 inhibitors | None | 56.2 ± 11.5/57.1 ± 13.8 | 24 weeks | T2DM and NAFLD | 27.6 ± 4.7/28.7 ± 3.5 | BIA | VAT, SAT, liver fat |
Shigenori Hiruma 2021 | Japan | 21/21 | Empagliflozin 10 mg qd | Sitagliptin 100 mg qd | None | 52.8 ± 9.7/47.8 ± 11.5 | 12 weeks | T2DM | 28.6 ± 4.8/30.0 ± 5.0 | MRI | EAT |
Jan W. Eriksson 2018 | Sweden | 19/19 | Dapagliflozin 10 mg qd | Placebo | None | 65.0 ± 6.5/65.6 ± 6.1 | 12 weeks | T2DM and NAFLD | 30.5 ± 2.8/30.3 ± 3.1 | MRI | VAT, SAT, liver fat |
Kayo Horibe 2022 | Japan | 26/24 | Dapagliflozin 5 mg qd | Placebo | OAD | 59.7 ± 12.0/62.3 ± 6.5 | 24 weeks | T2DM | 28.0 ± 4.0/27.6 ± 3.8 | MRI | VAT, SAT |
Hideka Inoue 2019 | Japan | 24/24 | Ipragliflozin 50 mg qd | Placebo | Insulin | 60.5 ± 9.8/60.8 ± 12.1 | 24 weeks | T2DM | 27.9 ± 4.0/27.7 ± 4.5 | MRI | VAT, SAT |
Haleh Chehrehgosha 2021 | Iran | 35/37 | Empagliflflozin 10 mg qd | Placebo | None | 50.5 ± 8.4/51.8 ± 7.8 | 24 weeks | T2DM and NAFLD | 30.9 ± 3.3/30.2 ± 4.4 | DXA | VAT, liver fat |