Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the Invasive treatment group and Non-invasive treatment group
| Â | Invasive treatment group | Non-invasive treatment group | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P | Total | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P | |
(n = 461) | (n = 153) | (n = 159) | (n = 149) | (n = 252) | (n = 85) | (n = 82) | (n = 85) | |||
Demographics | ||||||||||
 TyG index | 8.74 ± 0.42 | 8.29 ± 0.21 | 8.74 ± 0.10 | 9.19 ± 0.28 |  < 0.001 | 8.62 ± 0.53 | 8.09 ± 0.24 | 8.57 ± 0.14 | 9.21 ± 0.35 |  < 0.001 |
 Age, year | 47.00 ± 11.72 | 45.54 ± 13.02 | 46.35 ± 11.14 | 49.19 ± 10.64 | 0.017 | 55.13 ± 13.69 | 55.84 ± 15.71 | 55.14 ± 14.29 | 54.43 ± 10.75 | 0.799 |
 Male, n (%) | 274 (59.4%) | 89 (58.2%) | 92 (57.9%) | 93 (62.4%) | 0.666 | 150(59.5%) | 44(51.8%) | 47(57.3%) | 59 (69.4%) | 0.057 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 25.35 ± 4.15 | 24.28 ± 4.25 | 25.42 ± 4.47 | 26.38 ± 3.34 |  < 0.001 | 25.95 ± 8.59 | 23.55 ± 3.99 | 26.98 ± 13.35 | 27.40 ± 4.78 | 0.012 |
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 115.10 ± 15.92 | 111.81 ± 14.93 | 114.56 ± 16.40 | 119.15 ± 15.61 |  < 0.001 | 125.88 ± 20.63 | 125.35 ± 20.58 | 122.48 ± 16.98 | 129.64 ± 23.29 | 0.08 |
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 70.86 ± 10.93 | 69.57 ± 11.73 | 70.16 ± 10.63 | 72.99 ± 10.11 | 0.016 | 75.92 ± 11.46 | 74.73 ± 11.82 | 75.65 ± 11.36 | 77.37 ± 11.17 | 0.317 |
Heart Rate (bpm) | 72.38 ± 9.52 | 72.12 ± 9.05 | 71.88 ± 9.45 | 73.18 ± 10.06 | 0.456 | 69.86 ± 11.10 | 70.33 ± 12.22 | 70.50 ± 11.30 | 68.77 ± 9.69 | 0.545 |
 NT-proBNP (fmol/mL) | 2015.84 ± 1780.52 | 2167.99 ± 2052.93 | 1965.20 ± 1622.10 | 1907.36 ± 1625.27 | 0.514 | 1732.80 ± 1668.46 | 2176. 45 ± 1889.25 | 1630.29 ± 1523.99 | 1393.66 ± 1486.57 | 0.514 |
 Cr (µmol/L) | 76.58 ± 21.21 | 72.63 ± 18.21 | 75.03 ± 20.71 | 82.31 ± 23.42 |  < 0.001 | 75.79 ± 21.00 | 70.34 ± 17.89 | 74.04 ± 15.81 | 82.91 ± 25.93 |  < 0.001 |
 Uric acid(µmol/L) | 293.64 ± 113.02 | 287.03 ± 112.95 | 278.42 ± 100.13 | 316.66 ± 122.75 | 0.008 | 365.85 ± 107.48 | 339.17 ± 125.87 | 359.01 ± 81.35 | 399.14 ± 102.02 | 0.001 |
 Blood potassium level (mmol/L) | 4.19 ± 0.35 | 4.15 ± 0.32 | 4.17 ± 0.35 | 4.26 ± 0.38 | 0.012 | 4.11 ± 0.35 | 4.11 ± 0.39 | 4.11 ± 0.33 | 4.10 ± 0.33 | 0.958 |
 HGB(g/L) | 116.48 ± 20.53 | 116.29 ± 21.59 | 115.14 ± 20.35 | 118.11 ± 19.60 | 0.444 | 133.08 ± 19.02 | 130.20 ± 19.05 | 133.29 ± 17.91 | 135.76 ± 19.82 | 0.161 |
 h-CRP(mg/L) | 9.84 ± 6.03 | 8.31 ± 6.44 | 10.49 ± 5.78 | 10.72 ± 5.56 | 0.001 | 3.62 ± 4.45 | 3.89 ± 4.86 | 3.19 ± 4.27 | 3.77 ± 4.20 | 0.561 |
 CKMB(ng/ml) | 14.25 ± 7.41 | 13.65 ± 7.49 | 14.62 ± 7.69 | 14.49 ± 7.04 | 0.46 | 12.70 ± 6.01 | 11.78 ± 4.83 | 13.66 ± 6.58 | 12.70 ± 6.01 | 0.129 |
 FFA(mmol/l) | 0.43 ± 0.21 | 0.40 + 0.23 | 0.43 ± 0.20 | 0.45 ± 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.45 ± 0.21 | 0.45 ± 0.24 | 0.40 ± 0.16 | 0.50 ± 0.22 | 0.171 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 139.17 ± 69.20 | 89.38 ± 17.41 | 128.52 ± 20.75 | 201.67 ± 86.47 |  < 0.001 | 142.73 ± 87.58 | 78.248 ± 16.13 | 121.61 ± 19.18 | 227.58 ± 101.85 |  < 0.001 |
 LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.10 ± 0.84 | 2.02 ± 0.90 | 2.07 ± 0.77 | 2.22 ± 0.85 | 0.088 | 2.70 ± 0.83 | 2.39 ± 0.69 | 2.90 ± 0.81 | 2.81 ± 0.90 |  < 0.001 |
 HDL-C(mmol/L) | 0.89 ± 0.32 | 1.00 ± 0.34 | 0.87 ± 0.29 | 0.81 ± 0.29 |  < 0.001 | 1.10 ± 0.31 | 1.19 ± 0.37 | 1.15 ± 0.28 | 0.95 ± 0.23 |  < 0.001 |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.50 ± 0.41 | 5.40 ± 0.34 | 5.49 ± 0.43 | 5.64 ± 0.45 | 0.001 | 5.64 ± 0.42 | 5.53 ± 0.51 | 5.62 ± 0.32 | 5.80 ± 0.35 | 0.002 |
 Fasting blood glucose(mg/dl) | 98.48 ± 14.42 | 91.89 ± 13.32 | 99.06 ± 12.66 | 104.64 ± 14.48 |  < 0.001 | 89.68 ± 12.16 | 85.86 ± 10.75 | 87.89 ± 9.85 | 95.21 ± 13.57 |  < 0.001 |
Comorbidities and risk factors | ||||||||||
 Hypertension, n (%) | 100 (21.7%) | 27 (17.8%) | 34(21.4%) | 39(26.4%) | 0.195 | 112 (44.6%) | 32 (38.1%) | 31 (37.8%) | 49 (57.6%) | 0.012 |
 Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 68 (14.8%) | 15 (9.9%) | 21(13.2%) | 32(21.5%) | 0.014 | 91 (36.3%) | 21 (25.0%) | 25 (30.5%) | 45 (52.9%) |  < 0.001 |
 Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 44 (9.5%) | 17 (11.1%) | 13(8.2%) | 14(9.4%) | 0.676 | 47 (18.7%) | 18 (21.2%) | 12 (14.6%) | 17 (20.0%) | 0.514 |
 Non- sustained ventricular tachycardia, n (%) | 6 (1.3%) | 2 (1.3%) | 3(1.9) | 1(0.7%) | 0.642 | 13 (5.2%) | 4 (4.7%) | 4 (4.9%) | 5 (5.9%) | 0.932 |
Smoking, n (%) | 187 (40.6%) | 57 (37.3%) | 64(40.3%) | 66(44.9) | 0.399 | 110 (44.0%) | 29 (34.1%) | 40 (49.4%) | 41 (48.8%) | 0.078 |
NYHA Class III or IV, n (%) | 60 (13%) | 19 (29.7%) | 19(38%) | 22(43.1) | 0.316 | 30 (39.5%) | 14 (41.2%) | 6 (28.6%) | 10 (47.6%) | 0.434 |
Echocardiography | ||||||||||
 Interventricular septal thickness (mm) | 20.02 ± 5.13 | 20.52 ± 5.32 | 20.08 ± 4.97 | 19.42 ± 5.06 | 0.171 | 19.88 ± 5.34 | 19.87 ± 5.12 | 20.28 ± 6.18 | 19.51 ± 4.70 | 0.659 |
 LV end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 42.32 ± 5.72 | 42.01 ± 6.23 | 42.41 ± 5.61 | 42.53 ± 5.29 | 0.703 | 42.30 ± 6.42 | 42.05 ± 6.36 | 41.89 ± 6.14 | 42.93 ± 6.75 | 0.533 |
 LV posterior wall thickness (mm) | 12.06 ± 2.84 | 12.20 ± 3.24 | 11.85 ± 2.47 | 12.15 ± 2.75 | 0.502 | 11.91 ± 3.20 | 11.60 ± 3.39 | 11.76 ± 3.22 | 12.38 ± 2.97 | 0.255 |
 LV ejection fraction (%) | 67.47 ± 8.73 | 68.18 ± 7.84 | 67.04 ± 9.36 | 67.21 ± 8.93 | 0.47 | 68.56 ± 8.82 | 68.36 ± 10.49 | 68.83 ± 7.69 | 68.49 ± 8.06 | 0.47 |
 LV outflow tract gradient, at rest (mmHg) | 79.61 ± 32.70 | 82.42 ± 34.30 | 76.73 ± 30.23 | 79.73 ± 33.47 | 0.313 | 64.25 ± 33.59 | 65.77 ± 35.63 | 60.90 ± 31.40 | 65.86 ± 33.68 | 0.568 |
Medications | ||||||||||
 Beta-blocker, n (%) | 226 (49.0%) | 80 (74.8%) | 67 (64.4%) | 79 (78.2%) | 0.07 | 138 (83.1%) | 39 (84.8%) | 46 (86.8%) | 53 (79.1%) | 0.504 |
 ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 19 (4.1%) | 8 (7.5%) | 5 (4.9) | 6 (5.9) | 0.737 | 34 (20.7%) | 5 (10.9%) | 8 (15.1%) | 21 (20.7%) | 0.011 |
 Statin, n (%) | 34 (7.4%) | 14 (13.1) | 11 (10.8%) | 9 (9.0%) | 0.641 | 53 (31.5%) | 11 (23.9%) | 13 (24.5%) | 28 (42.4%) | 0.048 |
 Calcium antagonist, n (%) | 39 (8.5%) | 16 (15%) | 14 (13.7%) | 9 (8.9%) | 0.386 | 68 (41.1%) | 16 (34.8%) | 19 (35.8%) | 33 (50.0%) | 0.172 |