Table 1 Characteristic of the study population (n = 1,032)

Age

56.82 ± 14.09

59.10 ± 12.37

0.027

Sex

0.517

 Male

453 (53.67)

96 (51.06)

 Female

391 (43.33)

92 (48.94)

Duration of diabetes

4.00 (0.00–10.00)

9.00 (2.00–15.00)

< 0.001

BMI

25.20 ± 3.84

25.70 ± 3.89

0.109

Smoking

268 (31.75)

63 (33.51)

0.641

Drinking

234 (27.73)

56 (29.79)

0.569

SBP

139.04 ± 23.43

146.56 ± 25.50

< 0.001

HbA1c

9.63 ± 2.41

9.50 ± 2.26

0.546

 < 7%

57 (6.75)

20 (10.64)

< 0.001

 ≥ 7%

428 (50.71)

126 (67.02)

 Lack

359 (42.54)

42 (22.34)

Triglyceride

2.03 ± 1.51

2.13 ± 1.80

0.496

 < 1.7

315 (37.32)

68 (36.17)

0.106

 ≥ 1.7

284 (33.65)

77 (40.96)

 Lack

245 (29.03)

43 (22.87)

HDL-C

1.07 ± 0.34

1.15 ± 0.39

0.01

 ≥ 1 in male or ≥ 1.3 in female

192 (22.75)

58 (30.85)

0.038

 < 1 in male or < 1.3 in female

404 (47.87)

87 (46.28)

 Lack

248 (29.38)

43 (22.87)

LDL-C

2.85 ± 0.97

3.05 ± 1.17

0.042

 < 2.6

254 (30.09)

56 (29.79)

0.133

 ≥ 2.6

342 (40.52)

89 (47.34)

 Lack

248 (29.38)

43 (22.87)

Antidiabetic drugs use

686 (81.28)

181 (96.28)

< 0.001