Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 and obesity, two adipose tissue pathologies with different inflammatory profiles

Table 2 Clinical parameters and complications in patients from FPLD2 group harbouring the p.(Thr655Asnfs*49) pathogenic variant with diabetes in comparison with OB population with diabetes

	p.(Thr655Asnfs*49) FPLD2 group with diabetes	OB group with diabetes
	n = 26	n = 24	P value*
Age (years)	46 [37.3–55.0]	49 [39.8–55.0]	0.95
Sex (W/M)	23/3 (88.5%) / (11.5%)	19/5 (79.2%) / (20.8%)	0.67
Anthropometrics parameters
Weight (kg)	64.2 [56.4–79.5]	81.7 [76.3–93.0]	< 0.01
BMI (kg/m2)	25.3 [23.7–29.3]	29.6 [28.0-34.3]	< 0.01
Body fat mass (kg)	18.4 [14.8–28.4]	32.9 [25.6–39.0]	< 0.01
Diabetes parameters
Age at onset of diabetes (years)	38.5 [26.3–43.0]	38.5 [35.8–48.5]	0.55
Metformin	20 (76.9%)	14 (70.0%)	0.91
Sulfonylureas	5 (19.2%)	7 (41.1%)	0.41
DPP-4i	4 (15.4%)	2 (12.5%)	0.94
GLP-1 RA	3 (11.5%)	4 (23.5%)	0.66
Insulin therapy	9 (34.6%)	4 (23.5%)	0.71
HbA1c (%)	7.5 [6.9–8.5]	7.3 [6.9-8.0]	0.66
Dyslipidemia
Triglycerides (g/L)	1.4 [0.9–1.6]	1.6 [1.3–2.9]	0.11
LDL-cholesterol (g/L)	0.9 [0.6–1.1]	1.0 [0.8–1.4]	0.32
HDL-cholesterol (g/L)	0.4 [0.3–0.4]	0.4 [0.3–0.5]	0.2
Lipid-lowering therapy (a)	13(50.0%)	7 (29.2%)	0.46
Hepatic status
NAFLD (US)	24 (96.0%)	18 (78.3%)	0.41
High risk of hepatic fibrosis (b)	2 (8.3%)	1 (4.8%)	1
Cardiovascular disease
Hypertension	12 (46.2%)	10 (41.7%)	1
Cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease (c)	10 (40.0%)	6 (25.0%)	0.66
Kidney disease
Micro-/macro-albuminuria	9 (36.0%)	7 (35.0%)	1
Clearance (ml/min/1,73)	93.0 [80.0-112.0]	94.0 [81.0-110.0]	1
Peripheral neuropathy (d)	7 (28.0%)	2 (8.3%)	0.56
Retinopathy	6 (23.1%)	2 (8.3%)	0.64

If not stated otherwise data are number (%) or median (Interquartile range). Prediabetes was defined by impaired fasting glucose (fasting plasma glucose between 6.1 and 6.9 mmol/L) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (plasma glucose 2 h-OGTT between 7.8 and 11.0 mmol/L).(a) Use of lipid-lowering agents (statin, ezetimib or fibrates), (b) High-risk liver fibrosis was defined by the presence of NAFLD on US with FIB-4 > 3.25 and/or APRI > 1.5 and/or F3-F4 fibrosis stage assessed by the liver stiffness measurement (c), Cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease was defined by either a previous diagnosis of ischemic coronary disease or stroke, carotid stenosis > 50% or lower limb atherosclerosis assessed by Doppler US and/or a Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) score > 11 in patients under 50 years of age or > 101 in patients over 50 years of age (d) Peripheral neuropathy was assessed by the Semmes–Weinstein mono-filament test or DN4 score. *P-values were adjusted using False Discovery Rate method. (BMI) Body mass index, (DDP-4I) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, (GLP-1 RA) Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, (HOMA-IR) homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, (NAFLD) nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, (M) Men and (W) Women, (US) liver ultrasound.

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