Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants
Characteristic | Total (n = 4360) | Non-MetS (n = 1982) | MetS (n = 2378) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Age (yrs) | 72 (7) | 72(7) | 72(7) | 0.521 |
 Age group (yrs) |  |  |  | 0.156 |
  < 75 | 3099(71.1) | 1390(70.1) | 1709(71.9) |  |
  ≥ 75 | 1230(28.2) | 581(29.3) | 649(27.3) |  |
 Male | 1939(44.5) | 1045(52.7) | 894(37.6) | < 0.001 |
 Celibacy | 718(16.5) | 311(15.7) | 407(17.1) | 0.153 |
 Occupation |  |  |  | 0.023 |
  Office staff | 638(14.6) | 310(15.6) | 328(13.8) |  |
  Operator | 1279(29.3) | 618(31.2) | 661(27.8) |  |
  Farmer | 1013(23.2) | 445(22.5) | 568(23.9) |  |
  Other | 1132(26.0) | 490(24.7) | 642(27.0) |  |
 Education (yrs) |  |  |  | 0.042 |
  ≤ 6 | 1311(30.1) | 566(28.6) | 745(31.3) |  |
  6–12 | 2302(52.8) | 1071(54.0) | 1231(51.8) |  |
  > 12 | 480(11.0) | 236(11.9) | 244(10.3) |  |
 Income (¥/month) |  |  |  | 0.002 |
  ≤ 2500 | 1572(36.1) | 667(33.7) | 905(38.1) |  |
  > 2500 | 2349(53.9) | 1115(56.3) | 1234(51.9) |  |
Lifestyle | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Current smoking | 523(12.0) | 308(15.5) | 215(9.0) | < 0.001 |
 Current drinking | 370(8.5) | 206(10.4) | 164(6.9) | < 0.001 |
 Physical activity | 3425(78.6) | 1533(77.3) | 1892(79.6) | 0.051 |
 Multivitamin intake | 61(1.4) | 25(1.3) | 36(1.5) | 0.347 |
 Coffee/tea addiction | 322(7.4) | 153(7.7) | 169(7.1) | 0.512 |
Medication History | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypolipidemic drugs | 484(11.1) | 36(1.8) | 448(18.8) | < 0.001 |
 Hypotensive drugs | 2306(52.9) | 737(37.2) | 1569(66.0) | < 0.001 |
 Hypoglycemic drugs | 637(14.6) | 107(5.4) | 530(22.3) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Abdominal obesity | 2693(61.8) | 795(40.1) | 1898(79.8) | < 0.001 |
 Hyperglycemia | 1892(43.4) | 330(16.6) | 1562(65.7) | < 0.001 |
 Hypertension | 3690(84.6) | 1438(72.6) | 2252(94.7) | < 0.001 |
 High TG | 1880(43.1) | 212(10.7) | 1668(70.1) | < 0.001 |
 Low HDL-C | 1482(34.0) | 94(4.7) | 1388(58.4) | < 0.001 |
 HHCY | 2088(47.9) | 939(47.4) | 1149(48.3) | 0.420 |
 HHsCRP | 699(16.0) | 261(13.2) | 438(18.4) | < 0.001 |
 HUA | 636(14.6) | 232(11.7) | 404(17.0) | < 0.001 |
 ASCVD | 561(12.9) | 168(8.5) | 393(16.5) | < 0.001 |
 Liver dysfunction | 215(4.9) | 69(3.5) | 146(6.1) | < 0.001 |
 Kidney dysfunction | 213(4.9) | 79(4.0) | 134(5.6) | 0.012 |
 Thyroid dysfunction | 1030(23.6) | 435(21.9) | 595(25.0) | 0.008 |
Physical Examination | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 (3.5) | 23.5 (3.4) | 25.7 (3.3) | < 0.001 |
 WC (cm) | 88(12) | 84(12) | 91(12) | < 0.001 |
 SBP (mmHg) | 142 (21) | 138 (21) | 145 (20) | < 0.001 |
 DBP (mmHg) | 80 (11) | 79(11) | 81 (11) | < 0.001 |
 TC (mg/dL) | 192 (49) | 193 (35) | 192 (58) | 0.641 |
 TG (mg/dL) | 126(92–174) | 101(79–127) | 162(117–213) | < 0.001 |
 HDL-C (mg/dL) | 53(44–64) | 60(52–71) | 47(40–56) | < 0.001 |
 LDL-C (mg/dL) | 127(37) | 126 (32) | 127 (41) | 0.221 |
 FPG (mmol/L) | 5.4(4.9–6.3) | 5.1(4.8–5.4) | 5.9(5.2–7.0) | < 0.001 |
 HCY (µmol/L) | 15(13–18) | 15(13–18) | 15(13–18) | 0.814 |
 ALT (U/L) | 16(12–21) | 14(11–19) | 17(13–24) | < 0.001 |
 AST (U/L) | 20(18–24) | 21(18–24) | 20(17–24) | 0.090 |
 GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 102(23) | 102(22) | 102(23) | 0.700 |
 HsCRP (mg/L) | 1.0(0.5–2.1) | 0.8(0.4–1.7) | 1.1(0.6–2.3) | < 0.001 |
 UA (µmol/L) | 331(86) | 321(83) | 340(87) | < 0.001 |
 TSH (µIU/mL) | 2.73(1.91–3.89) | 2.62(1.83–3.76) | 2.81(1.99–3.99) | < 0.001 |