| All | 0 factor | 1 factor | ≥ 2 factors | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 1188) | (n = 488) | (n = 536) | (n = 164) | ||
Age (years) | 65.9 (11.4) | 65.8 (10.8) | 65.5 (11.5) | 67.5 (12.9) | 0.191 |
Male % (n) | 52.6% (625) | 57.4% (280) | 50.4% (270) | 45.7% (75) | 0.013* |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 (4.2) | 26.0 (4.0) | 26.3 (4.1) | 26.8 (4.7) | 0.103 |
Waist (cm) | 90.8 (10.6) | 90.1 (9.9) | 90.7 (10.8) | 93.0 (12.0) | 0.024* |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.93 (0.07) | 0.93 (0.07) | 0.93 (0.07) | 0.94 (0.08) | 0.182 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 132.8 (16.3) | 132 (16) | 133 (16) | 136 (20) | 0.105 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74.4 (10.6) | 74 (10) | 74 (10) | 76 (13) | 0.058 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 141.7 (46.2) | 140 (46) | 141 (44) | 151 (55) | 0.045* |
HbA1c (%) | 7.6 (1.3) | 7.5 (1.3) | 7.6 (1.2) | 7.8 (1.5) | 0.019* |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 89.9 (26.4) | 89 (25) | 90 (27) | 92 (29) | 0.704 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 133.2 (104.2) | 127 (89) | 134 (115) | 149 (109) | 0.011* |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.9) | 1.3 (1.1) | 0.002** |
ALT (U/L) | 28.7 (21.1) | 28 (21) | 29 (20) | 29 (24) | 0.718 |
Years of diabetes | 14.0 (8.5) | 13.9 (8.4) | 13.7 (8.3) | 15.3 (9.3) | 0.252 |
Smoking % (n) | 28.0% (333) | 29.1% (142) | 26.5% (142) | 29.9% (49) | 0.554 |
Alcohol drinking % (n) | 19.2% (228) | 22.1% (108) | 17.2% (92) | 17.1% (28) | 0.100 |
Low education % (n) | 5.2% (62) | 4.7% (23) | 5.2% (28) | 6.7% (11) | 0.611 |
High education % (n) | 16.9% (201) | 20.3% (99) | 15.3% (82) | 12.2% (20) | 0.023* |
Capital residence % (n) | 8.8% (104) | 8.8% (43) | 8.6% (46) | 9.1% (15) | 0.974 |
Married % (n) | 83.7% (994) | 84.6% (413) | 85.1% (456) | 76.2% (125) | 0.021* |
Statin % (n) | 48.8% (551) | 45.1% (220) | 47.8% (256) | 45.7% (75) | 0.696 |
Metformin % (n) | 74.9% (846) | 71.7% (350) | 73.1% (392) | 63.4% (104) | 0.016* |
AGI % (n) | 12.3% (139) | 11.3% (55) | 12.5% (67) | 10.4% (17) | 0.692 |
SU % (n) | 51.9% (586) | 48% (234) | 53.4% (286) | 40.2% (66) | 0.006** |
TZD % (n) | 7.7% (87) | 7% (34) | 8.2% (44) | 5.5% (9) | 0.455 |
SGLT2i % (n) | 3.4% (38) | 2% (10) | 3.7% (20) | 4.9% (8) | 0.141 |
DPP4i % (n) | 38.4% (434) | 38.1% (186) | 35.8% (192) | 34.1% (56) | 0.486 |
GLP1RA % (n) | 1.3% (15) | 0.6% (3) | 1.1% (6) | 3.7% (6) | 0.011* |
Insulin % (n) | 28.5% (338) | 26.8% (131) | 26.3% (141) | 40.2% (66) | 0.001** |