Table 3 Basic characteristics of different types of bariatric surgeries and medical treatments

Chong et al. 2017 [31]

48.2 ± 8.4

46/71

32.4 ± 1.6

8.25 ± 5.05

Two

Courcoulas et al. 2020 [32]

46.55 ± 7.25 vs. 48.9 ± 4.7

33/41 vs. 17/20

35.56 ± 3.05 vs. 35.7 ± 3.3

6.85 ± 4.45 vs. 5.7 ± 5.6

Five

Ding et al. 2015 [33]

50.6 ± 12.6 vs. 51.4 ± 7.5

9/18 vs. 9/22

36.4 ± 3.0 vs. 36.7 ± 4.2

Not mentioned

One

Foschi et al. 2019 [34]

50.6 ± 1.9 vs. 55.0 ± 1.5

22/30 vs. 22/30

43.0 ± 1.5 vs. 41.9 ± 1.2

4.4 ± 0.6 vs. 4.4 ± 0.7

Five

Halperin et al. 2014 [35]

50.7 ± 7.6 vs. 52.6 ± 4.3

13/19 vs. 10/19

36.0 ± 3.5 vs. 36.5 ± 3.4

10.6 ± 6.6 vs. 10.2 ± 6.1

One

Kashyap et al. 2013 [36]

47.9 ± 9.85 vs. 50 ± 8.4

24/37 vs. 8/17

36.25 ± 2.9 vs. 35.8 ± 3.0

7.5 ± 4.75 vs. 10.5 ± 5.0

Two

Kirwan et al. 2022 [37]

49 ± 9 vs. 52 ± 7

137/195 vs. 75/121

37 ± 4 vs. 37 ± 3

9 ± 6 vs. 9 ± 6

STAMPEDE, TRIABETES, SLIMM-T2D, and CROSSROADS trials

Three

Mingrone et al. 2021 [39]

20/34 relapse

 ≥ 35

 > 5 years

10 years

Parikh et al. 2014 [40]

46.8 ± 8.1 vs. 53.9 ± 8.4

23/29 vs. 22/28

32.8 ± 1.7 vs. 32.4 ± 1.8

NA

6 months

Simonson et al. 2018 [41]

50.7 ± 7.6 vs. 52.6 ± 4.3

13/19 vs. 10/19

36.3 ± 3.4. 6/19 vs. 7/19 < 35

10.6 ± 6.6 vs. 10.2 ± 6.1

Three

Sjöholm et al. 2022 [42]

48.6 ± 6.0 vs. 50.5 ± 6.3

236/393 vs. 182/308

42.4 ± 4.9 vs. 40.1 ± 4.7

NA

10 years