Table 6 Clinical studies data of metrnl [103]

139 subjects (47 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 46 subjects with prediabetes, and 46 newly diagnosed T2D patients)

People with type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, active hepatitis/liver cirrhosis, chronic renal failure while on hemodialysis, congestive heart failure, or other major diseases were excluded

Lower serum Metrnl levels in subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes compared with those without diabetes

[104]

170 subjects (66 patients with CAD, 63 T2D patients and 41 controls)

Patients with > 70% stenosis in at least one coronary artery were diagnosed with CAD. Participants with history and evidence of stroke, myocardial infarction, etc. or using thiazolidinedione family drugs were excluded

Lower serum Metrnl in CAD and T2D patients compared to the control group

[105]

20 subjects (11 healthy controls, 9 patients with newly diagnosed T2D)

No other major diseases and treatment

Lower circulating Metrnl in people with newly diagnosed T2D

[106]

800 subjects (400 patients with T2D and 400 non-diabetes)

Over 40 years of age without a history of cardiovascular disease, without stage 2 hypertension, malignant disease, severe renal or hepatic disease

Blood Metrnl increased in patients with T2D

[107]

228 subjects (124 non-diabetes [73 non-obese and 51 obese] and 104 T2D [38 non-obese and 66 obese])

BMI > 30 kg/m² were considered obese; Morbidly obese patients (BMI > 40 kg/m²) or subjects taking medication or supplements known to influence body composition or bone mass were excluded

Increased blood Metrnl in T2D and obesity

[108]

160 subjects (40 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 40 subjects with impaired fasting glucose, 40 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and 40 patients newly diagnosed T2D)

Patients with previously diagnosed T2D, other types of diabetes, other major diseases, and medication history including the use of antidiabetics, statins, diuretics, corticosteroids, estrogen, and progestin were excluded

Increased Blood Metrnl in patients with T2D and significantly increased in patients with prediabetes compared with individuals with normal glucose tolerance

[109]

260 subjects (89 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 77 subjects with glucose tolerance impairment and 94 with T2D)

BMI < 35 kg/m²; age between 20 and 75 years; no other CVD; no history of malignancy or recent infection; no history of taking antidiabetic medications, concomitant medications such as systemic steroids, cholestyramine, statins, diuretics, β-blockers, or oral anticoagulants

Decreased serum Metrnl level in patients with T2D versus subjects with normal glucose tolerance

[110]

89 subjects (59 T2D with durations ≥ 1 year and 30 healthy participants)

Patients with other types of diabetes and other major diseases were excluded

Increased blood Metrnl in patients with T2D. No relationship between Metrnl level and obesity-related indicators

[111]