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Table2 Clinical characteristics and CGM data of non-AH and AH patients

From: Hypoglycemia unawareness identified by continuous glucose monitoring system is frequent in outpatients with type 2 diabetes without receiving intensive therapeutic interventions

 

Non-AH(n = 214)

AH (n = 137)

Overall AH (n = 137)

Level 1 AH (n = 84)

Level 2 AH (n = 53)

Sex

    

 Male

124 (57.9)

71 (51.8)

50 (59.5)

21 (39.6) *

 Female

90 (42.1)

66 (48.2)

34 (40.5)

32 (60.4)

Age, years

55.9 ± 14.1

52.1 ± 14.6*

55.3 ± 12.9

47.0 ± 15.8***

SBP, mmHg

125.2 ± 15.9

126.0 ± 16.0

128.1 ± 16.0

122.5 ± 15.7

DBP, mmHg

76.3 ± 10.6

75.3 ± 9.0

76.0 ± 8.3

74.2 ± 10.0

BMI, kg/m2

23.1 ± 3.0

22.5 ± 3.1

22.4 ± 2.9

22.8 ± 3.4

Duration, years

6.0 (2.0, 11.0)

6.0 (2.3, 11.0)

6.0 (3.0,11.0)

6.0 (2.0,14.0)

HbA1c, %

7.2 ± 1.6

6.8 ± 1.3*

6.7 ± 1.2**

7.0 ± 1.6

HbA1c, mmol/mol

56 ± 17

51 ± 15*

50 ± 13**

53 ± 17

C-P, ng/mL

1.5 (0.7, 2.2)

1.2 (0.4, 1.9)

1.5 (1.1,2.6)

0.5 (0.1,1.6) **

Comorbidity

    

 Hypertension

27 (12.6)

18 (13.1)

14 (16.7)

4 (7.5)

 Hyperlipidemia

36 (16.8)

23 (16.8)

16 (19.0)

7 (13.2)

Medication

    

 Metformin

63 (29.4)

34 (24.8)

25 (29.8)

9 (17.0)

 DPP-4i

36 (16.8)

21 (15.3)

20 (23.8)

1 (1.9) **

 α-GI

42 (19.6)

23 (16.8)

18 (21.4)

5 (9.4)

 SU

46 (21.5)

32 (23.4)

23 (27.4)

9 (17.0)

 Insulin

79 (36.9)

58 (42.3)

30 (35.7)

28 (52.8) *

Complication

    

 DR

32 (15.0)

22 (16.1)

11 (13.1)

11 (20.8)

 DPN

31 (14.5)

14 (10.2)

8 (9.5)

6 (11.3)

 DPVD

11 (5.1)

6 (4.4)

3 (3.6)

3 (5.7)

 DN

11 (5.1)

6 (4.4)

4 (4.8)

2 (3.8)

 DF

2 (0.9)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

CGM data

    

 MAGE, mmol/L

3.8 ± 2.0

4.8 ± 2.3***

4.4 ± 2.0*

5.2 ± 2.5***

 SD, mmol/L

1.7 ± 0.9

2.2 ± 1.0***

1.9 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 1.0***

 MBG, mmol/L

8.7 ± 2.2

7.5 ± 1.4***

7.4 ± 1.3***

7.6 ± 1.6***

 Total TIR, %

85.3 (61.3, 96.9)

84.8 (70.8, 95.4)

89.4 (79.7, 96.8)

78.1 (67.0, 86.0) *

 Nighttime TIR, %

100.0(76.4, 100.0)

92.0 (75.8, 100.0) **

96.8 (80.6, 100.0)

81.5 (65.5, 95.8) ***

 Daytime TIR, %

81.1 (55.4.95.9)

84.7 (67.8, 95.3)

89.3 (73.7, 96.8) *

76.0 (63.3, 85.9)

 Total TAR, %

14.7 (3.0, 38.7)

9.2 (1.4, 25.0) **

6.2 (1.2, 20.1) **

18.2 (3.9, 28.6)

 Nighttime TAR, %

0.0 (0.0, 23.6)

0.0 (0.0, 10.0) *

0.0 (0.0, 2.5) **

0.0 (0.0, 19.9)

 Daytime TAR, %

18.5 (4.1, 44.6)

12.3 (2.0, 31.6) **

8.2 (1.6, 26.3) **

19.0 (5.3, 34.8)

  1. Data were present as Mean ± SD or Median (25th percentile, 75th percentile). SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin A1c, C-P C-Peptide, DPP-4i Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors, α-GI alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, SU sulfonylurea, DR diabetic retinopathy, DPN diabetic peripheral neuropathy, DPVD diabetic peripheral vascular disease, DN diabetic nephropathy, DF diabetic foot, CGM continuous glucose monitoring, Level 1 AH BG 3.0–3.9 mmol/L, Level 2 AH BG < 3.0 mmol/L, DAH daytime asymptomatic hypoglycemia (defined as 6:00–24:00 blood glucose < 3.9 mmol/L), DAH* asymptomatic hypoglycemia occurred exclusively in the daytime, NAH nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemia (defined as 0:00–6:00 blood glucose < 3.9 mmol/L), NAH* asymptomatic hypoglycemia occurred exclusively at night, both DAH and NAH asymptomatic hypoglycemia episodes occurred in both daytime and nighttime, MAGE mean amplitude of plasma glucose excursion, SD glucose standard deviation, MBG mean blood glucose, TBR time below range (< 3.9 mmol/L), Total TIR time in range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L), Nighttime TIR time in range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) during 0:00–6:00, Daytime TIR time in range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) during 6:00–24:00, Total TAR time above range (> 10.0 mmol/L), Nighttime TAR time above range (> 10.0 mmol/L) during 0:00–6:00, Daytime TAR time above range (> 10.0 mmol/L) during 6:00–24:00
  2. * P < 0.05 for the specified comparison of AH group and non-AH group; ** P < 0.01 for the specified comparison of AH group and non-AH group; *** P < 0.001 for the specified comparison of AH group and non-AH group
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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